We report on the surprising loss of transganglionic and retrograde labeling in the spinal cord of the rat after co-injection of the tracers wheat germ agglutinin-HRP (WGA-HRP) and choleragenoid toxin-HRP (CTB-HRP) into the sciatic nerve. Injection of WGA-HRP alone produced a pattern of transganglionic label consistent with transport by small-diameter primary afferent fibers. Small cell bodies w...

The enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) shows a decreasing activity when the enzyme's substrate hydrogen peroxide is present with the degree of inactivation being dependent on the incubation time and the hydrogen peroxide concentration. Incubation times of some minutes do not inactivate the enzyme independent of the H2O2 concentration. After several hours, only 50% of the activity is found for ...

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 causes bacterial speck disease in tomato, and it elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in non-host plants such as Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana. The compatible and incompatible interactions of DC3000 with tomato and Nicotiana spp., respectively, result in plant cell death, but the HR cell death occurs more rapidly and is associated with ef...

A method is presented for the electric-field-directed self-assembly of higher-order structures composed of alternating layers of biotin nanoparticles and streptavidin-/avidin-conjugated enzymes carried out on a microelectrode array device. Enzymes included in the study were glucose oxidase (GOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP); all of which could be used to form a l...

Improving human resources performance (HRP) is the most important task of the century. However, we have few measures or management interventions to make such improvement possible; although we cannot identify the pattern to be followed by human resources because systems and processes in an organization are often regarded as a kiss of death to encouraging creativity. For improving human resource ...

Rab7 has been shown to localize to late endosomes and to mediate transport from early to late endosome/lysosome in mammalian cells and in yeast. We developed a novel assay to quantify transport from early to late endosomes using the Xenopus oocyte. Oocytes were pulsed with avidin after which the oocytes were incubated to allow avidin transport to a late compartment. The oocytes were then allowe...

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are common DNA lesions that arise from spontaneous depurination or by base excision repair (BER) of modified bases. A biotin-containing aldehyde-reactive probe (ARP) [Kubo, K., Ide, H., Wallace, S. S. & Kow, Y. W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3703-3708] is used to measure AP sites in living cells. ARP penetrates the plasma membrane of cells and reacts with AP sites i...

In 2008 melamine-contaminated infant formula and dairy products in China led to over 50,000 hospitalizations of children due to renal injuries. In North America during 2007 and in Asia during 2004, melamine-contaminated pet food products resulted in numerous pet deaths due to renal failure. Animal studies have confirmed the potent renal toxicity of melamine combined with cyanuric acid. We showe...

The hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus was used to obtain efficient and rapid bulk delivery of antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the cytoplasm of living tissue culture cells. By exploiting HA's efficient cell surface expression, its high affinity for erythrocytes, and its acid-dependent membrane fusion activity, a novel delivery method was developed. The approach is unique in ...

This paper presents an advanced leg module developed for HRP-2. HRP-2 is a new humanoid robotics platform, which we have been developing in phase two of HRP. HRP is a humanoid robotics project, which has been lunched by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan from 1998FY to 2002FY for five years. The ability of the biped locomotion of HRP-2 is improved so that HRP-2 can cope wit...