Contents 1. Introduction 2. Factors determining the development of the hydrographic network and the hydrological regime of rivers during the present period 2.1. Relief 2.2. Climate 2.3. Soils and vegetation 2.4. Economic activity 2.4.1 Water reservoirs 2.4.2 Irrigation 3. Hydrography, hydrological knowledge, river runoff, water use and water availability 3.

We analyzed the impact of increased water temperature on the late-season phenology of the mayfly (Baetis liebenauae). The River Gwda, unlike two other examined rivers (controls), has reservoirs along its length and thus, higher water temperature. Elevated water temperature prolonged summer diapause of the mayfly and shifted its life cycle to the later autumn: the last generation of mayflies sta...

Owing to overflows from combined sewer pipe systems, water quality of receiving waters, including urban rivers, has become worse year by year. Appropriate countermeasures that can mitigate the overflows, therefore, must be developed promptly. The authors have investigated a distributed simulation model of water quality and stormwater runoff in urban sewer pipe systems. First, a surface routing ...

This paper considers the risk of drought and develops drought scenarios for use in the study of severe sustained drought in the southwestern United States. The focus is on the Colorado River basin and regions to which Colorado River water is exported, especially southern California, which depends on water from the Colorado River as well as the four major rivers in northern California. Drought s...

the main objective of this study was to assess genetic comparison of two migratory forms of caspian trout salmo trutta caspius namely fall-run and spring-run. owing to the lack of information on its genetic differences, 5 microsatellite loci were used for 58 sample analyses. genomic dna was extracted from caudal fin using roche dna extraction kit and each pcr reaction was performed in a 25 ?l r...

Pollution of surface water with harmful chemicals and eutrophication of rivers and lakes with excess nutrients are serious environmental concerns. The U.S. Environmental Protec‐ tion Agency (USEPA) estimated that 53% of the 27% assessed rivers and streams miles and 69% of the 45% assessed lakes, ponds, and reservoirs acreage in the nation are impaired (USEPA, 2010). In Mississippi, 57% of the 5...

The Clinch and Powell Rivers (Virginia, USA) support diverse mussel assemblages. Extensive coal mining occurs in both watersheds. In large reaches of both rivers, major ion concentrations are elevated and mussels have been extirpated or are declining. We conducted a laboratory study to assess major ion effects on growth and survival of juvenile Villosa iris. Mussels were exposed to pond water a...

[1] Freshwater discharge to high-latitude oceans in 64 Canadian rivers is investigated. The mean annual discharge rate attains 1252 km yr 1 for an area of 5.6 10 km, equating to a sink of 225 mm yr 1 in the surface water budget of northern Canada (excluding the Arctic Archipelago where insufficient data exist). Application of the Mann-Kendall test to the data reveals a 10% decrease ( 125 km yr ...

In this research, monthly hydrological and daily meteorological data were collected across China for the period 1956–2012. Modified Mann–Kendall tests, double mass curve analysis, and correlation statistics were performed to identify the long-term trends and interrelation of the hydrometeorological variables and to examine the influencing factors of streamflow and sediment. The results are as f...

This paper provides information on extreme value modeling of stream flow extremes from three rivers in the New York City Metropolitan Area using generalized extreme value distribution (GEV). GEV parameters including location, scale, and shape are analyzed to get an appropriate minimum window size for stationary conditions, and then the time series analysis of GEV parameters are performed by usi...