Variables derived from milk yield records were investigated to find an easy to measure and readily available indicator of the energy balance status of a lactating cow. Weekly energy balances during the first 180 d in milk (DIM) were calculated from weekly yield, live weight, and energy intake records for 470 first lactation heifers. The energy balance curve for each cow was estimated using a ra...

It is a commonly held belief that exercise (one method of inducing an energy deficit) causes a compensation in energy intake to match the exercise-induced energy expenditure. This could possibly lead to the belief that exercise is not a useful method of weight loss which could then be used as an excuse not to exercise. However, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that exercise drives hun...

To evaluate and improve the treatment of clouds and radiation by the climate models of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), simulations by the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3), as well as the recently released Community Atmosphere Model version 2 (CAM2), are examined. The Rasch and Kristjánsson prognostic cloud condensate scheme, which is now the standard scheme for...

The problem of energy-balanced data transmission in sensor network is studied extensively in this paper. Energy Balance assures uniform energy dissipation among all the nodes in the sensor network. Uniform energy dissipation guarantees same average energy dissipation per node throughout the network. This enables the network to be fully functional for the maximum time, avoiding the early energy ...

Clouds are of paramount importance for the global energy balance and, thereby, our climate. Changes in cloud cover and phase (liquid water versus ice), for example, through increased greenhouse forcing, may have significant and as of yet unknown impacts on our climate. The global climate models (GCMs) designed to predict future climate, usually model the effects of clouds using the scattering a...

In this paper we address the survivability issue of amobile cyber physical system (MCPS) comprising sensor-carried human actors, vehicles, or robots assembled together for executing a specific mission in battlefield or emergency response situations. We develop a mathematical model to assess the survivability property of aMCPS subject to energy exhaustion and security failure. Our model-based an...

background & aim: energy is one of important debates in agriculture ecology and for this reason; the ratio of output and input energy in different agriculture ecosystems has been calculated. if one can reduce, input energy level into farms through the indices like poisons, fertilization, tractor energy and lab our force. in addition to the net income of the farmers, this issue would play a ...

A model predicting the nutritional cost of measles has been based on data from a study of energy balance in Kenyan children during and after measles. The energy shortfall, consequent upon a reduction in energy intake and a sustained level of energy expenditure, is met by tissue catabolism. The magnitude of resulting weight loss will be greater in lean than in plump children. During recovery, th...

The history of climate modeling begins with conceptual models, followed in the 19th century by mathematical models of energy balance and radiative transfer, as well as simple analog models. Since the 1950s, the principal tools of climate science have been computer simulation models of the global general circulation. From the 1990s to the present, a trend toward increasingly comprehensive couple...

Typical instruments for assessing energy intake in humans rely primarily on self-report and are now recognized to be quantitatively inaccurate and imprecise (1, 2). This limitation poses a major challenge for human obesity research because energy intake is believed to be an important driver in the pathogenesis of obesity and is a key target of obesity treatment at both the individual and popula...