OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of liquid nitrogen (LN(2)) vapor (indirect contact method) for the storage of human semen. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTING University hospital-based fertility center. PATIENT(S) We evaluated 150 patients with normal sperm parameters. INTERVENTION(S) Human semen (N = 120) was mixed with Semen Freezing Medium, divided into two groups, frozen, and...

The investigation aimed to compare the effect of fresh and frozen-thawed X and Y fractions of flowcytometrically sorted bovine spermatozoa on in vitro fertilization of bovine in vitro matured oocytes and subsequent blastocyst development. Sperm cells sorted in MoFloSX cytometer were used either for IVF or frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Immature oocytes recovered from ovaries of slaughter...

Sperm banking (SB) involves collecting and freezing sperm for potential future use. It is a simple, noninvasive way for male patients with cancer to preserve their ability to have biologic children. This article provides the information needed by nurses to effectively discuss SB with their patients.

Background There are several indications of human female gamete cryostorage including sub-fertile and fertile patients. But our focus will be in women at risk of losing their reproductive function caused by oncologycal treatments or premature ovarian failure that could benefit greatly from this practice. Fertile women may take advantage of this technology to electively delay childbearing. The o...

Objective: Mammalian spermatozoa swell under hypotonic conditions. The exposure of spermatozoa to isotonic conditions after exposure to hypertonic conditions during cryopreservation results in the occurrence of osmotic shock, which is characterized by coiling of the distal end of the sperm tail. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of osmotic shock (% sperm coiling) on human cr...

Development of techniques to isolate, culture, and transplant human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) has the future potential to treat male infertility. To maximize the efficiency of these techniques, methods for SSC cryopreservation need to be developed to bank SSCs for extended periods of time. Although, it has been demonstrated that SSCs can reinitiate spermatogenesis after freezing, optimal...

Conservation of indigenous poultry species is an important part of the new Hungarian agricultural strategy. Semen cryopreservation is the most practical method for the long term storage of poultry genetic material. The objective was to compare four protocols for cryopreservation of guinea fowl sperm (slow and fast programmable, freezing in nitrogen vapor, and pellet) and three cryoprotectants (...

Understanding the mechanisms by which the acrosome reaction is regulated is central to models of fertilization. This article reviews the relationship of the acrosome reaction detected in vitro to sperm function. Proteolytic enzymes in the acrosome digest through the zona pellucida allowing for sperm-oolemma fusion. When this process is impaired, either by lack of an acrosome or acrosomal dysfun...