Abnormal scapular kinematics and associated muscle function presumably contribute to shoulder pain and pathology. An understanding of scapular kinematic and electromyographic profiles in asymptomatic individuals can provide a basis for evaluation of pathology. The purpose of this study was to describe normal three-dimensional scapular orientation and associated muscle activity during humeral el...

Proximal humeral fractures have been a topic of discussion in medical literature dating back as far as 3rd century BC. Today, these fractures are the most common type of humeral fractures and account for about 5-6% of all fractures in adults with the incidence rising rapidly with age. In broad terms the management of proximal humeral fractures can be divided into two categories: conservative ve...

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency and radiographic aspect of medial humeral epicondylar lesions as a primary or concomitant finding and to evaluate the association with osteoarthritis. METHODS Medical records of dogs diagnosed with elbow lameness were reviewed. Inclusion criteria for this study were a complete clinical examination, a complete set of digital radiographs and a final diagnos...

Three of the most common complications that may occur after the treatment of humeral fractures are nonunion, loss of fixation, and nerve injury. Nonunion may occur in up to 15% of patients who have been treated surgically. Loss of fixation often is caused by poor quality bone in the osteopenic humeral head. Nerve injury can occur as a result of trauma or from treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with anterior shoulder instability often develop glenohumeral defects at the time of shoulder dislocation. Clinical and cadaveric research has demonstrated that glenoid bone defects have a significant impact on shoulder stability. 1,2 Humeral head bone defects occur with a similar high rate of frequency, and unlike glenoid bone defects, these defects tend to get larger wi...

CONTEXT The high number of repetitions and high forces associated with overhead throwing lead to anatomical adaptations, such as humeral retrotorsion and posterior-capsule thickness, in elite and professional baseball athletes. However, little is known about the origin and progression of these changes that may account for the increasing trend of chronic shoulder injuries in youth baseball and p...

HYPOTHESIS Anterior instability is one of the most common complications in reverse shoulder replacement. This study hypothesized that intrinsic stability of a reverse prosthesis varies with the degree of version of the humerus and glenoid components. This should provide guidelines on how to best position the implant components to decrease the rate of dislocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resista...

BACKGROUND The most common sequela of neonatal brachial plexus palsy is an internal rotation contracture of the shoulder that impairs function and leads to skeletal deformation of the glenohumeral joint. Treatment options include release, transfers, and humeral osteotomy, all ultimately striving for better function through increased external rotation. Prior studies have shown that neonatal brac...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether physicians' practice was adequate for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with proximal humeral fracture over the age of 50 years, which is one of major osteoporotic fractures. METHODS A retrospective nation-wide cohort study was performed using data collected in 2010 by the Korean Health Insurance Review Agency....

INTRODUCTION Intraosseous (IO) access is an alternative to conventional intravenous access. The proximal tibia and proximal humerus have been proposed as suitable sites for IO access. METHODS A nonrandomized, prospective, observational study comparing flow rates and insertion success with tibial and humeral IO access in adults using the EZ-IO-powered drill device was conducted. The tibia was ...