geotextiles are one of the most widely used synthetic materials in filtration and drainage applications. since in real applications, geotextiles are subjected to various hydraulic gradients and confining stresses, hydraulic behavior of geotextiles under different circumstances is of great practical importance. in this study filtration and drainage properties of several nonwoven needle-punched g...

considering soil properties, moisture is of central significance, affecting its physical characteristics and behavior. that is why, determining soil water volume and the way it moves through soil is of importance. the most basic parameter in water movement is hydraulic conductivity in saturated and unsaturated conditions.the present study, incorporating campbell method of soil characteristic cu...

Mapping soil texture in a river basin is critically important for eco-hydrological studies and water resource management at the watershed scale. However, due to the scarcity of in situ observation of soil texture, it is very difficult to map the soil texture in high resolution using traditional methods. Here, we used an integrated method based on fuzzy logic theory and data fusion to map the so...

The search for sustainable land use has increased in Brazil due to the important role that agriculture plays in the country. Soil detailed classification is related with texture attribute. How can one discriminate the same soil class with different textures using proximal soil sensing, as to reach surveys, land use planning and increase crop productivity? This study aims to evaluate soil textur...

Question: What is the relative contribution of geographic distance, soil and topographic variables in determining the community floristic patterns and individual tree species abundances in the nutrient-poor soils of central Amazonia? Location: Central Amazonia near Manaus, Brazil. Methods: Our analysis was based on data for 1105 tree species (> 10 cm dbh) within 40 1-ha plots over a ca. 1000-km...

Erosion plots were selected for characterizing the effects of main natural factors on runoff and soil loss in a semi-arid region. These erosion plots with an area of 40 m2 are located in the Kakhk experimental watershed in Gonabad County of Khorasan-e Razave Province in the north-eastern Iran. Data acquired from 2008 to 2015 include slope, aspect, soil texture and land covers (canopy...

generally, the evaluation and assessment critical condition of rill formation are useful for a better understanding of soil erosion processes. the inherence characteristics of soils, which have much dynamic variations on the hill-slopes and are affected by rill formation, are the soil critical shear stress and soil erodibility factors. this study aims to assess experimental rill incision thresh...

This paper presents several methods for shading meshes from scanned paint samples that represent dark to light transitions. Our techniques emphasize artistic control of brush stroke texture and color. We first demonstrate how the texture of the paint sample can be separated from its color gradient. We demonstrate three methods, two real-time and one off-line, for producing rendered, shaded imag...