Successful design and operation of hydraulic structures require more effective and reliable tools to be used in a variety of practical problems, including bottom outlets, intakes and/or spillways. Until recently, physical modeling has been the principal approach in studying the flow pattern and behavior of such structures. The main concerns might generally be related to estimating of discharge ...

Breakwaters are the important and the costly ones of the marine structures. Composite breakwater is one of the common types in the world. Because of the sensitivity of composite breakwaters to environmental conditions, also construction costs, difficulty of repair and maintenance and importance of equipments on and behind the breakwater, design of composite breakwater must be very accurate. Goa...

The pumping station is an important part of the agricultural irrigation and drainage system. sump one common water inlet types stations. In sump, to facilitate installation maintenance equipment, some hydraulic structures, such as pump beams, platforms chest walls, are added sump. At present, impact structures in on performance device not clear, so this paper focused characteristics entropy gen...

Knowledge of the way perturbations propagate and/or attenuate along free-flow irrigation delivery systems is crucial for monitoring and effectively operating a system. With this knowledge sections of the canal system which are identified as sensitive to flow perturbations should be targeted for more frequent inspection and operational decisions than others. The steady-state hydraulic approach f...

The pentaradial organisation of echinoderms is postulated to have evolved as the result of the reorganisation of the internal U-shaped mesentery of the intestinal tract during inflation of the trunk of a pterobranchlike ancestor. Under this scenario, loops of the mesentery developed between five hydraulic bulges by three different mechanisms: (1) by the early formation of two additional loops r...

This research was conducted to find a reliable technique to shape an abrupt contraction for minimizing the energy loss. The method may find broader applications in design of variety of transitional cross-sections in hydraulic structures. The streamlines in a 2-D contraction were calculated through solving the potential flow equations in rectangular and curvilinear coordinates. The natural cubic...