We investigated the postnatal development of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-containing raphe system in the brainstem of neonatal rats. Postnatal changes in TRH expression in nucleus (n.) raphe obscurus (ROb) and n. raphe pallidus (RPa) were evaluated by in situ hybridization using an 35S-labeled oligonucleotide probe complementary to TRH precursor mRNA. TRH mRNA expression was low at b...

While prior research reported altered fuel utilization stemming from pre-exercise modified starch ingestion, the practical value of this starch for endurance athletes who consume carbohydrates both before and during exercise is yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ingesting a hydrothermally-modified starch supplement (HMS) before and during cycling on pe...

The paper presents applications and models which are beneficial to watershed management in various areas. The intention is to inform about the current capabilities of soft computing, hydrologic analysis modules, and distributed hydrologic models, and to provide an initial guide on implementing soft computing. Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio-political-ecological enti...

A stormwater runoff model based on the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method and a finite-volume based water quality model have been developed to investigate the use of Simulink for use in teaching and research. Simulink, a MATLAB extension, is a graphically based model development environment for system modeling and simulation. Widely used for mechanical and electrical systems, Simulink has h...

Urban watersheds produce an instantaneous response to rainfall. That results in stormwater runoff in excess of the capacity of drainage systems. The excess stormwater must be managed to prevent flooding and erosion of streams. Management can be achieved with the help of structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs). Detention ponds is one such BMP commonly found in the Austin, TX, USA....

there is different methods for simulating river flow. some of thesemethods such as the process based hydrological models need multiple input data and high expertise about the hydrologic process. but some of the methods such as the regression based and artificial inteligens modelsare applicable even in data scarce conditions. this capability can improve efficiency of the hydrologic modeling in u...