Abstract The market dynamics, and their impact on a future circular economy for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), are presented in this roadmap, with safety as an integral consideration throughout the life cycle. At point of end-of-life (EOL), there is range potential options—remanufacturing, reuse recycling. Diagnostics play significant role evaluating state-of-health condition batteries, improveme...

Unit operations (UO) are mostly used in non-ferrous extractive metallurgy (NFEM) and usually separated into three categories: (1) hydrometallurgy (leaching under atmospheric high pressure conditions, mixing of solution with gas mechanical parts, neutralization solution, precipitation cementation metals from aiming purification, compound productions during crystallization), (2) pyrometallurgy (r...

Rhodium (Rh) catalyst has played an indispensable role in many important industrial and technological applications due to its unique valuable properties. Currently, Rh is considered as a strategic or critical metal the scarce high-quality purity can only be supplemented by refining coarse ores with low content (2–10 ppm) far from meeting fast-growing market demand. Nowadays, exploring new prosp...

Aims: This study aims to present a comprehensive analysis of bioleaching, the fundamental idea behind it, emergence microbes and bioleaching approaches.
 Study Design: To do this, this research has been developed on foundation significant topics. The researcher used quantitative approach in particular investigation. is presented tables that list processes efficient microorganisms.
 Pl...

Copper-cobalt deposits in the Central African Copperbelt belong to Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Copper (SHSC) type and are situated Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergroup. This paper describes detail geology, geochemistry hydrometallurgy of cobalt, with a special focus on Black Ore Mineralised Zone (BOMZ) unit from Ruashi Cu-Co deposit as case study. Based results fieldwork laboratory testing, it was ...

• Recovery of platinum and palladium from spent auto-catalysts by hydrometallurgy. Best conditions for leaching: 11.6 mol L ?1 HCl, 1%vol H 2 O , 60 °C, L/S = kg 3 h. solvent extraction systems Pd Pt: Cyanex® 471X Cyphos® IL 101. Efficient stripping agents Pt 101 need further research. To ensure the supply raw materials products extreme importance in strategic sectors, recovery critical metals ...

Among the conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are the most popular. According to the Web of Science, more than 10,000 papers appeared in the past 30 years on various aspects of chemistry, physics, and engineering of PANI. This is due to the cheapness and easy availability of raw materials, ease of synthesis, good environmental stability, high electrical conductivity an...

More than 80% of the world’s production of zinc from its concentrate is obtained by the roastleach-electrowin hydrometallurgical process. In the roast-leach process, very pure zinc sulphate solution must be prepared for zinc electrowinning, therefore, the purification process is one of the most important unit processes in zinc hydrometallurgy. The conventional methods for the zinc solution puri...