We present a new environmental application of SPAD imagers, namely the continuous and real-time measurement of size and shapes of hydrometeors. Details of the set-up and results obtained with a first 32x32 pixel prototype based on the RADHARD2 chip [1] are illustrated. Real-time operation at very low light levels, 6000 frames per second and 1:100 average data reduction are amongst the most sign...

Radar reflectivity assimilation is often used to initialize hydrometeors, which Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) highly sensitive. To better this study further developed the background error covariance (BEC) with vertical and multivariable correlations of hydrometeor control variables (H-BEC) in WRF three-dimensional variational data system (WRFDA-3DVar). The impacts H-BEC are discussed using...

Abstract. Current state-of-the-art regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models employ kilometer-scale horizontal grid resolutions, thereby simulating convection within the grey zone. Increasing resolution leads to resolving 3D motion field and has been shown improve representation of clouds precipitation. Using a hectometer-scale model in forecasting mode on large domain therefore offers...

The dryness of the stratosphere is result air entering through cold tropical tropopause layer (TTL). However, our understanding moisture flux partitioning into water vapor and frozen hydrometeors incomplete. This raises concerns regarding ability General Circulation Models to accurately predict changes in stratospheric following perturbations radiative budget due volcanic aerosol or geoengineer...

Abstract Although various lightning observation platforms exist, flash observations have not been fully utilized for numerical weather prediction (NWP), mainly due to complications related modeling processes. Herein, we investigated the potential impacts of using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with NWP model, including explicit The EnKF included flow‐dependent error covariances between flashe...