background: public health burden from hazardous and harmful use of alcohol warrants drastic action throughout the world. although less alcohol related harm is anticipated in islamic countries, unrecorded alcohol remains a considerable concern which needs intelligent and realistic policy options. methods: in a descriptive study, records  of chemically analyzed samples of alcohol obtained from ma...

the cheshin meta-calcareous rocks (permo triassic) in southeast hamedan outcrop in association with a variety of pelitic schists and hornfels rocks. the intrusion of the alvand batholith (jurassic age) into pelitic and calcareous host rocks has produced metamorphic rocks in the hamedan area (cheshin village). on the basis of the dominance of calcite/dolomite, silicate and ore minerals, the calc...

Theoretical modelling of the contraction of the primitive protosaturnian cloud, using ideas of supersonic turbulent convection, suggests that each of Saturn' e, inner moons, excepting Rhea, condensed above the icepoint of water and consists primarily of hydrous magnesium silicates. It is predicted that Voyager 1 may find that the satellite mean densities steadily increase towards the planet and...

The uptake and subsequent release of iron by apoferritin and ferritin was studied by using labelled iron (59Fe). The experimental results are consistent with predictions arising from amodel system developed in the interpretation ofprevious experiments. In thismodel, uptake and release of ferritin iron is controlled by the available surface area of the small crystalline particles of hydrous ferr...

An aqueous methanol sensor for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) applications is demonstrated; the methanol sensor is built using dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with Nafion117 solution to detect the methanol concentration in water. The study is aimed at the potential use of the carbon nanotubes array as a methanol sensor for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The con...

Recently, we demonstrated that leaf wounding results in the synthesis of pectin methylesterase (PME), which causes the plant to release methanol into the air. Methanol emitted by a wounded plant increases the accumulation of methanol-inducible gene mRNA and enhances antibacterial resistance as well as cell-to-cell communication, which facilitates virus spreading in neighboring plants. We conclu...