background due to the increase of hiv patients’ survival, rheumatologic symptoms associated with hiv such as septic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and other manifestations have increased. also, diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and rheumatoid arthritis (ra) can be intensified during aids. objectives the aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and natur...

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Type I interferon (IFN) activation and its subsequent effects are important in the response to viral infections. Here we show that human astroviruses (HAstVs), which are important agents of acute gastroenteritis in children, induce a mild and delayed IFN response upon infecting CaCo-2 cells. Although IFN-β mRNA is detected within infected cells and supernatant from infected cells show antiviral...

BACKGROUND Recurrences of herpes labialis (RHL) may be triggered by systemic factors, including stress, menses, and fever. Local stimuli, such as lip injury or sunlight exposure are also associated to RHL. Dental extraction has also been reported as triggering event. CASE REPORTS Seven otherwise healthy patients are presented with severe and extensive RHL occurring about 2-3 days after dental...

Defense against bacterial infections requires activation of the immune response as well as timely reestablishment of tissue and immune homeostasis. Instauration of homeostasis is critical for tissue regeneration, wound healing, and host recovery. Recent studies revealed that severe infectious diseases frequently result from failures in homeostatic processes rather than from inefficient pathogen...

The hallmarks of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) are defects in the leukocyte adhesion process, marked leukocytosis and recurrent infections. These molecular and clinical manifestations result from an impaired step in the inflammatory process, namely, the emigration of leukocytes from the blood vessels to sites of infection, which requires adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelium. Over las...

Type I interferons represent a unique and complex group of cytokines, serving many purposes during innate and adaptive immunity. Discovered in the context of viral infections, type I IFNs are now known to have myriad effects in infectious and autoimmune disease settings. Type I IFN signaling during bacterial infections is dependent on many factors including whether the infecting bacterium is in...

I. I ntroduction: Impact of Iridoviruses on the Health of Ectothermic Vertebrates II. T axonomy A. D efinition of the Family Iridoviridae B. F eatures Distinguishing the Genera C. F eatures Delineating the Species D. R elationships with Other Families of Large DNAViruses III. G enomic Studies A. G enetic Content B. G ene Order and Elucidation of Gene Function IV. V iral Replication Strategy A. ...