Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is remarkable for two reasons: 1) it is one of the few treatable causes of dementia, and 2) neuroradiologists are usually involved in making the diagnosis. Hakim and Adams (1) are generally credited with the initial description of NPH, although it may actually have been described under a different name earlier by McHugh (2). It consists of the clinical triad ...

Background. This study is a review of the incidence, clinical characteristics, and management of secondary BPPV. The different subtypes of secondary BPPV are compared to each other, as well as idiopathic BPPV. Furthermore, the study highlights the coexistence of BPPV with other inner ear pathologies. Methods. A comprehensive search for articles including in the abstract information on incidence...

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare disorder with multiple submucosal or subserosal gas-filled cysts along the gastrointestinal wall. Pneumatosis intestinalis can be classified as either primary (idiopathic) or secondary. In the latter form, a causal relationship has been established with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, amyloidosis, infectious colitis, intestinal obstruction, is...

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by decreased mass and compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fractures. Although idiopathic osteoporosis is the most common form of osteoporosis, secondary factors may contribute to the bone loss and increased fracture risk in patients presenting with fragility fractures or osteoporosis. Several medical conditions and med...

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is an idiopathic papulosquamous disorder, which can show cutaneous or mucosal signs. It is caused by a cell mediated immune response to an antigen. A wide range of clinical manifestations has been reported. Objective: To determine the sex and age frequency and clinical presentations of this disease in patients referred to Razi hospital in Tehran. Patients and Meth...

Intussusception is a relatively rare condition in the adult population and is commonly secondary to a malignant process. Eight to twenty percent of cases of adult intussusception are thought to be idiopathic. In children, infection has been proven to precipitate intussusception in the absence of any other cause. We present a rare case of intussusception in a healthy adult patient secondary to s...