INTRODUCTION Surface electromyography (sEMG) is the measurement of the electrical activity of the skeletal muscle tissue detected at the skin's surface. Typically, a bipolar electrode configuration is used. Most muscles have pennate and/or curved fibres, meaning it is not always feasible to align the bipolar electrodes along the fibres direction. Hence, there is a need to explore how different ...

Alterations in the connectivity patterns of the fMRI-based resting-state networks (RSNs) have been reported in several types of epilepsies. Evidence pointed out these alterations might be associated with the genesis and propagation of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). IEDs also evoke blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses, which have been used to delineate irritative zones durin...

BACKGROUND Improvements in protection and medical treatments have resulted in increasing numbers of modern-warfare casualties surviving with complex lower-extremity injuries. To our knowledge, there has been no prior analysis of foot and ankle blast injuries as a result of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The aims of this study were to report the pattern of injury and determine which factor...

BACKGROUND The Afghan military theatre is specifically marked by guerilla operations and massive use of IEDs (improvised explosive devices) that pose new types of threats for their victims. At the same time, the relevant literature contains only a single, fragmentary analysis on injuries suffered by soldiers serving in the Afghan mission. MATERIAL/METHODS This is a review of medical reports o...

This paper reports on measurements of the ion energy distribution (IED) at the cathode of an argon dc microdischarge using energy-resolved molecular beam mass spectrometry. The measurements are conducted at a fixed pressure-electrode separation product (pd) of 1 cm Torr with a maximum discharge pressure of 20 Torr. The measured IED is compared to the theory of Davis and Vanderslice [W. D. Davis...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether previously reported early blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) changes in epilepsy could occur as a result of the modelling techniques rather than physiological changes. METHODS EEG-fMRI data were analysed from seven patients with focal epilepsy, six control subjects undergoing a visual experiment, in addition to simulations. In ...

Industrial pollution accounts for a large proportion of global pollution, and in the European Union, an integrated pollution and prevention approach based on individual performance standards has been implemented to regulate emissions from industrial plants. Crucial for the assessment of the licensing conditions are the Best Available Technique (BAT) requirements, which should be set in accordan...

Many epilepsy patients exhibit intermittent abnormal brain activity, evident as abnormal electrical events on electroencephalography (EEG), at times when they are not having a seizure. Despite the ease with which these so-called interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) can be detected, and a reasonable understanding of the physiological processes occurring during the IED (1), the effect of IED...