Introduction Literature shows overlapping alterations in brain structure Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD), suggesting shared pathophysiological mechanisms. It is unclear to what extent family history (trait) effects and/or misuse (state) explain the observed overlap. Objectives Our aim was examine of (i) SUD (FH) (ii) on ADHD. Methods We compared ...

Abstract Background Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h post challenge (2 h-PCPG), whether as continuous or categorical variables, are associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) diabetes; however, their role among patients existing CVD is a matter of debate. We aimed to evaluate associations different intolerance states recurrent diabetes subjects previous CVD. Methods From prospect...

Semantic cognition, i.e. processing of meaning is based on semantic representations and their controlled retrieval. Semantic control has been shown to be implemented in a network that consists of left inferior frontal (IFG), and anterior and posterior middle temporal gyri (a/pMTG). We aimed to disrupt semantic control processes with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) over left IFG and pM...

BACKGROUND Abnormalities within language-related anatomical structures have been associated with clinical symptoms and with language and memory deficits in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest disruptions in functional connectivity within the Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) network in schizophrenia. However, due to technical challenges, anatomical connectivity abnormalities within this network an...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the role of adipose tissue function on the association of fatty liver (FL) with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (nT2D). METHODS In 1264 subjects, computed tomography was used to evaluate FL and elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Fasting plasma glucose, <5.6, 5.6-6.9 and ≥7 mmol/l, were used to defined normoglycemic (NG), I...

OBJECTIVES To study the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and arterial stiffness in older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING The Rotterdam Study, a Dutch population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand nine hundred eighty-seven subjects aged 60 and older. MEASUREMENTS Arterial stiffness assessed by measuring common carotid arterial d...

RESULTS — Of the participants, 24% had diabetes and 29% had IFG/IGT at baseline. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) levels (P 0.001) were significantly higher among diabetic participants and those with IFG/IGT. Odds of elevated IL-6 and TNF( 75th percentile) were, respectively, 1.95 (95% CI 1.56–2.44) and 1.88 (1.51–2.35) for diabetic participants and...

BACKGROUND The association of prediabetic states with endothelial dysfunction measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) or endothelial biomarker levels remains controversial. We examined data from 5 ethnic groups to determine the association between glucose categories and FMD or endothelial biomarkers. We determined whether these associations vary by ethnic group or body mass index. METHODS AN...

To characterize the defects in β-cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and compare the results to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects, β-cell glucose sensitivity and rate sensitivity during the oral glucose tolerance test were measured with the model by Mari in 172 Mexican Americans. A subgroup (n=70) received a 2-h hyperglycemic ...