Host defense peptides can modulate the innate immune response and boost infection-resolving immunity, while dampening potentially harmful pro-inflammatory (septic) responses. Both antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activities are an integral part of the process of innate immunity, which itself has many of the hallmarks of successful anti-infective therapies, namely rapid action and broad-spe...

Adequate intakes of micronutrients are required for the immune system to function efficiently. Micronutrient deficiency suppresses immunity by affecting innate, T cell mediated and adaptive antibody responses, leading to dysregulation of the balanced host response. This situation increases susceptibility to infections, with increased morbidity and mortality. In turn, infections aggravate micron...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most host-susceptible pathogenic bacteria to cause acute and chronic infections in humans animals. Notably, its infection can especially fatal infectious pneumonia minks. Many previous mink studies have investigated pathology, pathogenesis, serology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene, vaccination, related diseases P. aeruginosa. However, relationship ...

Human-to-human transmission of influenza viruses is a serious public health threat, yet the precise role immunity from previous infections on susceptibility to airborne infection still unknown. Using ferret model, we examined roles exposure duration and heterosubtypic transmission. We demonstrate that 48 hour sufficient for efficient H1N1 H3N2 viruses. To test pre-existing immunity, gap 8–12 we...

The Jacques Monod conference "Insect Immunity in Action: From Fundamental Mechanisms of Host Defense to Resistance Against Infections in Nature," organized by Ulrich Theopold (Stockholm University, Sweden) and Dominique Ferrandon (CNRS, France), was held in May 2009 in Aussois, France. Here, we review key topics and concepts that were presented and highlight emerging trends in the field of inse...

Since the 1980s, the occurrence of pertussis cases in developed countries has increased and shifted towards older age groups. This resurgence follows 30 years of intense mass vaccination, and has been attributed primarily to three factors: (1) more effective diagnosis of the disease, (2) waning of vaccine-induced immunity, and (3) loss of vaccine efficacy due to the emergence of new Bordetella ...

Abstract This paper deals with the spread of infectious diseases from a physics perspective. It considers population as network nodes representing members, linked by edges (social) contacts individual members. Infections along these one node (member) to another. The presents novel, modified version SIR compartmental model, able account for typical effects and percolation phenomena. model is suc...

During a pandemic, nonspecific immunoprophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other acute respiratory infections (ARI), which can worsen the course COVID-19, is increasingly in demand addition to specific immunization. BCG vaccine appears be one candidate immunostimulants this regard. At same time, microbe-derived preparations capable inducing state trained immunity deserve attention. bacterial ...

IFN-γ is critical for immunity against infections with intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella enterica. However, which of the many cell types capable of producing IFN-γ controls Salmonella infections remains unclear. Using a mouse model of systemic Salmonella infection, we observed that only a lack of all lymphocytes or CD90 (Thy1)(+) cells, but not the absence of T cells, Retinoic acid-re...

Ag-specific memory T cell responses elicited by infections or vaccinations are inextricably linked to long-lasting protective immunity. Studies of protective immunity among residents of malaria endemic areas indicate that memory responses to Plasmodium Ags are not adequately developed or maintained, as people who survive episodes of childhood malaria are still vulnerable to either persistent or...