The presence of several different autoantibodies (auto-AT) at the same time is a specific peculiarity “autoantibody profile” SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). It known that induction auto-AT formation involves both nonspecific and antigen-specific immunoregulatory disorders. In apoptosis, primary changes in cell membrane composition or/and excretion intracellular compounds into intercellular ...

The water-extractable (QWP) and the alkali-extractable (QAP) polysaccharides from quinoa (named QWP and QAP, respectively) and their four polysaccharide sub-fractions (QWP-1, QWP-2, QAP-1 and QAP-2), were isolated and purified by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. QWP-1 and QWP-2 were composed of Rha, Ara, Gal and GalA. QAP-1 and QAP-2 were composed of Rha, Ara, Man, Gal and GalA...

Previous research has shown that an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) of the myticin class C (Myt C) is the most abundantly expressed gene in cDNA and suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries after immune stimulation of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. However, to date, the expression pattern, the antimicrobial activities and the immunomodulatory properties of the Myt C peptide have not...

Previous studies from our laboratory and those of others suggested the possibility that the T-cell antigen receptor a (TCRa) chain from some T cells can be released in a soluble form and can have antigen-specific immunoregulatory activity. We have analyzed this phenomenon by in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) of a cDNA encoding a TCRa chain (A1.1 TCRa) suspected of having such activi...

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells, which reportedly exert significant immunomodulatory effects through the production of interleukin (IL)‑10, IL‑35 and transforming growth factor‑β. Over the last decade, studies have indicated that Bregs function in autoimmune and allergic diseases through antigen‑specific and non‑specific immunoregulatory mechanisms. However, only a limited nu...

Even after the improvements made in recent years in early diagnosis and treatments, breast cancer is still the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women around the world. Several attempts to design new alternative therapies like immunotherapy have been evaluated in clinical trials, but they have shown limited efficacy. The failure of immunotherapy may be related to suppr...