The nonlocal enhancement in the velocities of charge carriers to ionization is shown to outweigh the opposing effects of dead space, increasing the avalanche speed of short avalanche photodiodes (APDs) over the predictions of a conventional local model which ignores both of these effects. The trends in the measured gain–bandwidth product of two short InAlAs APDs reported in the literature suppo...

BACKGROUND Thomson Institute for Scientific Information's journal impact factor, the most common measure of journal status, is based on crude citation counts that do not account for the quality of the journals where the citations originate. This study examines how accounting for citation origin affects the impact factor ranking of dermatology journals. METHODS The 2003 impact factors of derma...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to measure the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after maxillary sinus augmentation to determine the physical and psychological impact of this procedure for the patient. METHODS Three hundred sixteen patients treated with an external or internal maxillary sinus augmentation and a total of 863 implants in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial ...

BACKGROUND Health impact assessments (HIA) of policies and projects are conducted differently in different contexts although there has been less HIA research to date in non-western countries. Global HIA research has however suggested that the technical conduct of HIAs is tied to broader conditions and influences to do with decision making and policy development. This study was conducted to deve...

C. William McCurdy, Daniel A. Horner, and Thomas N. Rescigno Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Computing Sciences, Berkeley, California 94720 Department of Applied Science, University of California–Davis, Livermore, California 94551 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physics and Advanced Technologies, Liverm...

We consider a modiied time-dependent van Roosbroeck system with saturating velocities and a source term subject to assumptions designed to permit a standard generation term corresponding to impact ionization. This is then a nonlinear parabolic system with a right hand side of the form S = S(:; u;ru;E), coupled with the map L : u 7 ! E deened by the Poisson equation at each t. The analysis leads...

BACKGROUND Fatigue, a major cause of disability in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), is associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the Persian version of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) in Iranian patients with MS. METHODS This study included 15 subjects with clinically definite MS, 15 hospitalized patient...

OBJECTIVES The National Environmental Policy Act and related state laws require many public agencies to analyze and disclose potentially significant environmental effects of agency actions, including effects on human health. In this paper we review the purpose and procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA), existing regulatory requirements for health effects analysis, and potential bar...

BACKGROUND Policy decisions made within all sectors have the potential to influence population health and equity. Recognition of this provides impetus for the health sector to engage with other sectors to facilitate the development of policies that recognise, and aim to improve, population outcomes. This paper compares the approaches implemented to facilitate such engagement in two Australian j...

BACKGROUND Health Impact Assessment (HIA) involves assessing how proposals may alter the determinants of health prior to implementation and recommends changes to enhance positive and mitigate negative impacts. HIAs growing use needs to be supported by a strong evidence base, both to validate the value of its application and to make its application more robust. We have carried out the first syst...