tions (PDEs). This class of schemes is based on three principal observations. First, the spatial discretization of parabolic PDEs results in stiff systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in time, and therefore, requires an implicit method for its solution. Spectral Deferred Correction (SDC) methods use repeated iterations of a low-order method (e.g. implicit Euler method) to generate ...

Empirical force field-based molecular simulations can provide valuable atomistic-level insights into protein-surface interactions in aqueous solution. While the implicit treatment of solvation effects is desired as a means of improving simulation efficiency, existing implicit solvent models were primarily developed for the simulation of peptide or protein behavior in solution alone, and thus ma...

Sixty-four subjects were administered two tests of explicit memory (selective recall and recognition) and four tests of implicit memory (identification in a perceptual clarification procedure, word-fragment completion, tachistoscopic identification, and anagram solution). Each test drew on a different subset of a long list of previously displayed words. Although the four implicit memory tests s...

Many studies have examined the effect of different approaches to teaching grammar including explicit and implicit instruction. However, research in this area is limited in a number of respects. One such limitation pertains to the issue of construct validity of the measures, i.e. the knowledge developed through implicit instruction has been measured through instruments which favor th...