This paper examines the demand for import documentary credit in Lebanon. Five explanatory variables are selected that stand respectively for risk, price, size, conjecture, and availability of credit. As expected, the long run elasticities are significantly higher than the short run ones. Risk has an adverse impact. Interest rate elasticities, or price elasticities, are all negative and statisti...

Food products account for a significant amount of the Iranian imports. Despite the rising prices of food products over the last two decades, their imports have been increasing too. In this study import demand of the main imported food products is empirically analyzed using Quadratic AIDS. Welfare impacts are measured using compensated variation. The results indicate that all products, except te...

Faced with food supply disruptions due in part to geopolitics and political instability its traditional source markets the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates, Qatar—a wealthy, highly import-dependent open economy—plans identify a set alternative that can assure it stable chain security. This study develops preferences import substitution elasticities for country’s four most important ...

Geography might be expected to affect export performance in several ways. One is that the strength of international demand linkages varies between countries. Countries in South-East Asia have been at the centre of a fast growing region, which has created rising import demand. Given all we know about the importance of distance as a barrier to trade, the export opportunities created by these grow...

Each nuclear pore is responsible for both nuclear import and export with a finite capacity for bidirectional transport across the nuclear envelope. It remains poorly understood how the nuclear transport pathway responds to increased demands for nucleocytoplasmic communication. A case in point is cellular hypertrophy in which increased amounts of genetic material need to be transported from the ...

This paper investigates the long-run relationship between international trade and protectionism, which is measured by a sub-component of KOF globalization index using standard import model with heterogeneous balanced panel 34 countries from 1970 to 2017. The tested GDP Import Intensity-Adjusted Demand (IAD) as an activity variable for performance comparison. Both specifications are estimated re...