Exposure to chronic restraint (CR) modifies the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to subsequent acute stressors with adaptation of the response to a homotypic and sensitization of the response to a heterotypic stressor. Since vasopressin (AVP) activity has been reported to change during chronic stress, we investigated whether this was an important factor in HPA facilitation. We...

Investigation of binge eating and dietary restraint has previously been limited to subjects within Western societies. We investigated these two phenomena in 218 Arab students in Egypt, using the Restraint Scale (Polivy, Herman, & Warsh, 1978) and the Binge Scale (Hawkins & Clement, 1980). The psychometric characteristics of the scales were investigated. Although exploratory factor analysis show...

OBJECTIVE To provide a critical review of contemporary literature published between 1992 and 2003 on the use of physical restraints on residents with dementia in long-term care. DESIGN Forty-two manuscripts related to dementia (cognitive impairment) and physical restraint in long-term care settings were examined. RESULTS Four dominant themes were identified in the literature: relationship b...

Sepsis remains a major health concern across the world. The effects of stress on host resistance to sepsis are still not very clear. To explore the effects of chronic stress on sepsis(') we examined the impact of restraint stress on the resistance of mice to sepsis. Interestingly, it was found that restraint stress enhanced the antisepsis resistance of mice and the concentrations of the proinfl...

OBJECTIVE This study explores the similarities between individual and group eating and weight concerns in 8-11-year-old children. It also evaluates whether child anxiety moderates the relationships between individual and group eating and weight concerns. METHODS One hundred and fifty four children aged 8-11 completed questionnaires concerning their friendship groups, their eating and weight c...

Determining the cause of death when a restrained person suddenly dies is a problem for death investigators. Twenty-one cases of death during prone restraint are reported as examples of the common elements and range of variation in these apparently asphyxial events. A reasonable diagnosis of restraint asphyxia can usually be made after ruling out other causes and collecting supportive participan...

The pattern of locomotion following a partial movement restraint was studied in five mongrel puppies. The locomotion of the animals was characterized by enforced pacing during the restraint period and exhibited significant, time dependent gait alterations after removal of the restraint. These changes involved gradual recovery to normal trotting. The time course and the degree of recovery in the...

Little is known about the role of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in regulating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, particularly chronic stress-induced HPA activity. In the current studies, we examined the effects of manipulations of the BLA on HPA responses to the eighth restraint, to novel restraint after repeated cold, or to acute novel restraint alone. Excitotoxic lesions of the B...

INTRODUCTION Restraint misuse is a common problem leading to increased morbidity and mortality for children involved in motor vehicle crashes. The purpose of this project was to describe the injury patterns associated with restraint misuse in the pediatric population, with particular focus on clues to significant injury that can be identified by the prehospital provider that may impact subseque...