In this paper, a novel for Query Translation and Expansion for enabling English/Arabic CLIR for both normal and OCR-Degraded Arabic Text model has been proposed, implemented, and tested. First, an English/Arabic Word Collocations Dictionary has been established plus reproducing three English/Arabic Single Words Dictionaries. Second, a modern Arabic Corpus has been built. Third, a model for simu...

Our first tendency is to look outside Europe when searching for ancient rhetorics that do not follow the Greco-Roman tradition. After all, much of European culture was strongly influenced by Roman culture, especially following the conquests of Julius Caesar in 58-51 BCE and subsequent conquests that brought most of Europe under Roman control. Rome’s civic practices, including variations of Grec...

Most rhetorical readings of Confucius’s Analects have focused on his views on eloquence, reflecting an insuppressible impulse among comparative rhetoricians to match Confucian rhetoric to Greco–Roman rhetorical framework. My reading of the text argues that Confucius was more concerned about the suasory power of the multimodality of ritual symbols than narrowly verbal persuasion. To achieve the ...

Tunisian Arabic is a dialect of the Arabic language spoken in Tunisia. Tunisian Arabic is an under-resourced language. It has neither a standard orthography nor large collections of written text and dictionaries. Actually, there is no strict separation between Modern Standard Arabic, the official language of the government, media and education, and Tunisian Arabic; the two exist on a continuum ...

Morphological analysis is an essential stage in language engineering applications. For the Arabic language, this stage is not easy to develop because the Arabic language has some particularities such as the phenomena of agglutination and a lot of morphological ambiguity phenomenon. These reasons make the design of the morphological analyzer for Arabic somewhat difficult and require lots of othe...

through the advent of heterodox approaches in modern economic methodology, mccloskey's contribution on introducing rhetoric in methodology has been nominated as one of the most controversial propositions ever alleged in the literature. concerning new predominant perspectives in philosophy of language, this paper seeks to analyze the theoretical status of rhetoric in the methodology of econ...

While presidents are often credited with agenda-setting powers over the public, empirical support is limited. Important exceptions to this limited evidence were provided by Cohen (1995, 1997) and Hill (1998). They found a link between the content of State of the Union addresses and subsequent pub lic concern about policy problems for the period 1953-1989. Recently Baum and Kernell (1999) demons...

The Prophetic Hadith (i.e. sayings of the Prophet) is full rhetoric devices present throughout His sayings. One basic rhetorical metonymy. Metonymy a pervasive linguistic phenomenon in all cultures, both spoken and written discourse. This paper investigates metonymy Arabic language its translation general assessing Kināyah ᶜan mawṣūƒ (metonymy modified object) Khan’s (1997) Ṣaḥiḥ Al-Bukhārῑ par...

Arabic script character recognition is challenging task due to complexity of the script and huge number of ligatures. We present a method for the development of multilingual Arabic script OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and lexicon reduction for Arabic Script and its derivative languages. The objective of the proposed method is to overcome the large dataset Urdu and similar scripts by using...

in the earliest centuries of islamic period, arabic language was spread in iran by accelerated rate and over time it has been converted into iranian political, scientific, and literary language in the field of islamic civilization. amidst, many of iranian intellectual and literate people created some literary works in arabic so that an all-out arabic verse market was highly boosting in iran, pa...