Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) represents one of the most prevalent diseases of poultry mainly in combination with other pathogens, and it is increasing among chickens.  In the present study, the detection and characterization of an aMPV subtype B strain circulating in broiler flocks based on fusion (F) gene. In phylogenetic analysis, the isolates are located in B subtype cl...

Testosterone is believed to play a significant role in spermatogenesis, but its contribution to the process of spermatogenesis is not completely understood. Given that extracellular matrix (ECM) facilitates differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) during culture, the present study was conducted to elucidate whether testosterone contribute to the permissive effect of ECM on SSCs diffe...

introduction: β-globin gene cluster haplotypes are useful in diagnosis of particular molecular defects in β-thalassemia, prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassemia, and elucidating population affinities. methods: β-globin gene cluster haplotypes were studied in 150 β-thalassemia minor and 52 healthy in-dividuals from the fars province of iran. dna was extracted from leukocytes of whole blood by phe-no...

*MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. Information on miRNAs in legumes is as yet scarce. This work investigates miRNAs in an agronomically important legume, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). *A hybridization approach employing miRNA macroarrays - printed with oligonucleotides complementary to 68 known miRNAs - was used to detect...

The induction of a certain group of hepatic monooxygenase activities by polycyclic aromatic compounds is regulated by the same locus or gene cluster controlling the formation of cytochrome P1-450 (P-448) in mice. Certain inbred strains of mice are "responsive" (Ahb) to such induction, whereas others are "nonresponsive" (Ahd). A pair of closely related sublines that differ with respect to the Ah...

case report: recently a 20-day-old layer flock with mortality has been submitted to the pcr lab. infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) has been detected in the clinical samples. results: a phylogenetic tree based on a partial s1 gene sequence showed iranian ibv variant located in lx4-type cluster. this cluster include all qxibv-type detected in china and european countries. the highest sequence hom...

We have recently identified a promoter proximal retinoic acid (RA)-responsive site in the 5' region of the HOXB1 gene. In this report, we have identified the second RA-responsive site in the 3' region of the HOXB1 gene. This site also consists of a DR-2-type target of RA receptor.retinoid X receptor complex (DR-2B) and the binding site for a distinct RA-dependent coactivator termed retinoid-act...

In the adult intestine, an organized array of finger-like projections, called villi, provide an enormous epithelial surface area for absorptive function. Villi first emerge at embryonic day (E) 14.5 from a previously flat luminal surface. Here, we analyze the cell biology of villus formation and examine the role of paracrine epithelial Hedgehog (Hh) signals in this process. We find that, before...

bluetongue is an infectious disease that primarily affects sheep. but due to serious socioeconomic consequence of it outbreaks on the international trade it has been included in the oie notifiable diseases (list a). during 2007-8, total number of 130 blood samples gathered from suspected sheep to bluetongue disease in seropositive region including khuzestan, kurdistan, fars, ilam and qum provin...

pasteurella multocida is known as an important heterogenic bacterial agent causes some severe diseases such as fowl cholera in poultry and haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle and buffalo. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed using primers derived from conserved part of 16s-23s rrna gene. the pcr amplified a fragment size of 0.7 kb using dna from nine avian p. multocida  isolates...