Purpose The spirits industry is a major economic contributor worldwide, often requiring years of maturation in barrels that associated with significant release ethanol into the surrounding environment. This provides carbon nutrition for colonisation black fungal growths, one type being Baudoinia compniacensis , or Whisky Black. Although growth localised production areas, numerous sites exist gl...

Despite the growing literature on sustainability assessment in urban context, resulting approaches and methods utilise several differing theoretical frameworks lack a unifying vision modus operandi. Innumerable tools instruments have been developed for particular purposes rather narrow goals. Curiously, these remain unable to trace assess vernacular forms traditional built environments, even th...

Walking being the oldest form of urban transport, and until the advent of major transformationsin transport technology in the nineteenth century, most cities were structured in ways that supported walkability.Today, there is a change in transportation which emphasizes, the traditional pedestrian paths which are increasinglybecoming non-regulated spaces when compared to the urban spaces for auto...

This study presents a practical methodology to monitor the spatiotemporal characteristics of urban expansion in response to rapid urbanization at the provincial scale by integrating remote sensing, urban built-up area boundaries, spatial metrics and spatial regression. Sixty-seven cities were investigated to examine the differences of urbanization intensity, urbanization patterns and urban land...

In recent years, socioeconomic transformation and social modernisation in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states have led to tremendous changes lifestyle and, subsequently, expansion of urban settlements. This accelerated growth is pronounced not only across vegetated coasts, plains, mountains, but also desert cities. Nevertheless, spatial simulation prediction patterns has received little a...

reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have become a worldwide necessity. iran has the sixteenth ranking position of global greenhouse gas emissions and its rate of growth is above global average. built environments are responsible for about 40% of energy consumption and it is generally approved that the greatest portion of built environment is dedicated to residential land us...