Developmental changes in the repertoire of activating Ly-49 family members have not been examined previously. In the present study, we have examined the expression and function of the activating Ly-49s (D and H) from birth through 8 weeks of age. We demonstrate that 1) activating Ly-49s are expressed early, 2) their expression intensity is not different from adult NK cells, and 3) activating re...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: D58 Q48 Q54 Keywords: Emission trading Climate mitigation policy CGE model Technological assumptions This study quantified the effectiveness of emission trading by considering multiple technological constraints, burden sharing schemes, and climate stabilization targets. We used a global computable general equilibrium model, and evaluated the effectivene...

To improve ambient air quality, India has laid out strict action plans to reduce the increment in emissions over regional urban scale by year 2030. This study evaluates policy-induced improvement quality and associated health benefits achievable due reduction PM2.5 exposure under adoption of promulgated (S2) ambitious prospective regulations (S3) with respect scenario for Business As Usual (BAU...

Entropy production in industrial economies involves heat currents, driven by gradients of temperature, and particle currents, driven by specific external forces and gradients of temperature and chemical potentials. Pollution functions are constructed for the associated emissions. They reduce the output elasticities of the production factors capital, labor, and energy in the growth equation of t...

In language systems that support separate compilation, we often observe that header files are internalized over and over again when the source files that depend on them are compiled. Making a compiler a long-lived server eliminates such redundant processing of header files, thus reducing the compilation time. The paper first describes compilation servers for C-family languages in general, and t...

The frequent episodes of high concentrations of ozone and of inhalable particulate matter occurring in the Metropolitan Area of Sao Paulo (MASP) are primarily associated with vehicle emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of reformulations of the gasoline-ethanol blend known as gasohol and of ethanol on the ozone formation. A three-dimensional photochemical...