Six types of weight changes that occur when food is cooked by different methods are described. For five of these types, true retentions of nutrients (defined as calculations based on nutrient content of known weights of food before and after cooking) were compared with apparent retentions (defined as calculations based on nutrient content of moisture-free raw and cooked foods). Comparisons incl...

Additional heating of fruit raw materials in the drying process by direct passage alternating electric current makes it possible to intensify dehydration 3–5 times.
 The amount added thermal energy during depends, first all, on value specific electrical resistance material. Therefore, list necessary properties material must necessarily include as an integral indicator.
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an understanding of the strength of rice grains as affected by moisture content and temperature is important for analysis and prediction of cracking and/or breakage behavior during handling and processing. further, the magnitude of these properties at various moisture contents and temperatures is needed for the accurate design of milling machinery so that grain damage is minimized. to determine...

Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) peel was employed in this work as raw material for the production of citric acid (CA) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus niger CECT-2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599) in Erlenmeyer flasks. To investigate the effects of the main operating variables, the inoculum concentration was varied in the range 0.5·10(3) to 0.7·10(8) spores/g dry orange peel, the bed ...

in some conditions, to avoid deterioration and field losses of soybean seeds (glycine max merr.) from weathering at end of the season, farmers start to harvest seeds with a high moisture content and so, careful post-harvest drying would be required to maintain the physiological quality of seeds. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to optimize the operating conditions of soybean seed dry...

introduction: potato is raw food stuff with high popularity worldwide when deep fried. deep frying is a fast budget process used for preparing savory food. in this process, oil is used both as a heating intermediate and as an ingredient producing calorific products. nutrition has become a major health concern, particularly in developmental countries where obesity has turned into an ever-increas...

Erratic rainfalls and rise in temperature have become more frequent under the changing scenario of climate particularly in semi-arid tropics. As a consequence of it, a drastic shift of chickpea diseases have been recorded throughout the major chickpea growing regions in India and elsewhere. Dry root rot (DRR) caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler [Pycnidial stage: Macrophomina phaseol...

A METHOD FOR OBTAINING A CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF SOIL MOISTURE UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS A has been devised for making in situ under field conditions a continuous measurement of soil moisture. It consists of imbedding in the soil a standardized block of CaSO4 (plaster of paris). The moisture content of this material varies directly with that of the soil. Since the dielectric constant of plaster ...

Raw runner type peanuts were dried to moisture levels of 4.24 or 6.62 %. Each batch was oil roasted at 160°C in pure peanut oil for the amount of time determined to produce a surface color of 48 on the Hunter L scale. The surfaces of the cotyledons were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Escaping steam caused ruptures in the surfaces during the roasting process. The higher moisture sampl...