A significant protection provided by maternal antibodies against avian adenovirus serotypes 8 and 11, previously associated with the inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium syndrome, was observed in breeder progenies after challenge at 1 and 7 days of age. At two weeks of age, in the presence of low maternal antibodies against avian adenovirus (AAV), chicken anemia virus (CAV) and infecti...

This fifty-ninth volume of IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks ta Humans contains monographs on three human hepatotropic viruseshepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HD~ also known as the delta agent). Until now, the subjects of IARC Monographs have been mainly single chemical compounds and, to a lesser extent, groups of chemicals, complex m...

Sir, The recent Brain publication (Dalakas et al., 2009) describing a clinical study of alemtuzumab in patients with inclusion body myositis nicely demonstrates the feasibility of enrolling and following a cohort of these patients over a long period of time as participants in an intervention study. The authors state that ‘in [inclusion body myositis] one series of alemtuzumab infusions can slow...

There is now compelling evidence that sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a muscle-specific autoimmune disease in which both T and B-cells play a part and in which both cytotoxic muscle fibre necrosis and degeneration occur. However the factors responsible for breakdown of immune tolerance and the nature of the target antigens expressed by muscle fibres remain unknown. Genetic factors ar...

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a slowly progressive skeletal muscle disease for which no effective pharmacological therapy is available. Since its initial pathological description 50 years ago, substantial progress has been made in our clinical understanding of IBM. We now have extensive understanding of its demographics, pattern of muscle involvement, and diagnostic criteria, and large amoun...

Inclusion body myositis is a rare myopathy that clinically resembles a chronic polymyositis and histopathologically is characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles containing ultrastructural cytoplasmic degradation products with filamentous intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Since clinical features are not uniform, histopathologic and ultrastructural studies are necessary to confirm t...

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy occurring in patients over the age of 50 years and probably accounts for about 30% of all inflammatory myopathies. Muscle biopsy characteristically reveals endomysial inflammation, small groups of atrophic fibres, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and muscle fibres with one or more rimmed vacuoles. However, any ...

myopathy affecting proximal and distal musculature with typical onset of symptoms after age 50 years. Inclusion body myositis more often affects males and results in a classical pattern of early asymmetric weakness and wasting of forearm flexors (wrist and long finger flexors), quadriceps and ankle dorsiflexors. Inclusion body myositis is more frequently associated with a monoclonal gammopathy ...

Degenerative mechanisms such as protein accumulation and vacuolar transformation in the skeletal muscle distinguish inclusion body myositis (IBM) from other inflammatory myopathies. IBM is particularly common in patients over the age of 50 years and inevitably leads to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Conventional immunotherapies, albeit effective in other forms of myositis, seem to hav...