An investigation of the impact of foreign exchange controls in a black market economy is undertaken within the context of a choice-theoretic cash-in-advance general equilibrium model. While such controls may improve a 'distortion-free' economy's trade balance and balance of payments they are found to increase the domestic price of imports and lower the country's welfare. The ramifications of bl...

in 1930s, the idea of providing general welfare and welfare state appeared in industrial countries due to the belief in the ability of left forces in solving misfortunes that people entangled in; because of financial crisis in industrialized societies, expanded poverty, starvation and epidemic diseases which led millions of people to the hopelessness. welfare states achieved outstanding success...

We examine the welfare effects of price and disclosure regulation in a model where firms can shroud add-on costs, such as penalty fees for consumer financial products. Such regulation can increase or decrease welfare even when there are no direct costs. There are, however, strong complementarities between price controls and disclosure mandates: conditional on disclosure be­ ing mandated, price ...

The objective of this review is to point out that the global dialog on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in animal agriculture has, thus far, not adequately considered animal welfare in proposed climate change mitigation strategies. Many suggested approaches for reducing emissions, most of which could generally be described as calls for the intensification of production, can have substantial ef...

the growing importance of the environmental and social policies in the spanish savings banksand the large differences between them, take us to delve into those factors that influence on the amounts spent on environment and welfare fund.in this line, we have analyzed all the spanish savings banks, over the period 2004-2008 and using the methodology of panel data, the effect that the composition ...

the growing importance of the environmental and social policies in the spanish savings banksand the large differences between them, take us to delve into those factors that influence on the amounts spent on environment and welfare fund.in this line, we have analyzed all the spanish savings banks, over the period 2004-2008 and using the methodology of panel data, the effect that the composition ...

Anaesthesia awareness is a terrifying prospect for any patient undergoing a surgical procedure and can cause considerable physical and psychological distress. Recommendations to reduce the risk of anaesthesia awareness include: undertaking a thorough preoperative assessment, ensuring that equipment has been checked, reducing drug error, consistent monitoring, and investment in safer technology....