information asymmetry in stock market can increase the risk of investment which in turn increases the capital cost of firms. bhattacharya (1979) proposed a hypothesis that states dividend can act as a powerful signal in order to solve information asymmetry problem. we measured information asymmetry by lack of earnings transparency. therefore we examine the effect of earnings transparency on cap...

drought is considered as one of the most important limiting factors for oil seed canola plant(brassica napus l.) growth and productivity in iran. on the basis of root and shoot dry weight asaffected by water stress exerted by peg 6000, out of 9 canola cultivars, a relatively tolerant (cv. aghaii)and a sensitive cultivar (cv. po4) were selected. their responses to low water potential with respec...

in order to investigate effective factors on bread waste and determine effect genial of each factor on probability of being each family in three categories of low-medium, high and extra high bread waste, the order logit model and the 352 families data from mashad city were taken in use. the samples have been selected using a simple random sampling method. the survey of marginal effect in order ...