Aflatoxins (AFs) are fungal secondary metabolites frequently detected in soil that exhibit vitro toxicity to certain microorganisms. However, microbial responses at different levels and complex systems such as the environment have not been systematically studied. Therefore, we investigated multiple two soils (sandy loam clay) aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5–500 ...

conclusions: silver nanoparticles showed great antibacterial effectiveness on four important foodborne pathogens. therefore, ag nps could be a good alternative for cleaning and disinfection of equipment and surfaces in food-related environments. results: the mic values of ag nps against tested pathogens were in the range of 3.12-6.25 µg/ml. while listeria monocytogenes showed the mic value of 6...

Abstract Microplastics (MP), as novel substrata for microbial colonization within aquatic ecosystems, are a matter of growing concern due to their potential propagate foreign or invasive species across different environments. MP known harbour diversity microorganisms, yet little is understood the dynamics biofilms and capacity successfully displace these microorganisms ecosystems typically mark...

Currently much debate, attention and concern surrounds the use of genetically modified plants or animals. But there has not been much concern about microorganisms, although we all are aware of the place of microorganisms in the circle of life, their abundance and diversity. There are many examples regarding the application of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), however, like other hig...

BACKGROUND We report in vitro studies of a commercially available novel antimicrobial Luer-activated connector with the inner surface coated with nanoparticle-silver to prevent contaminants from forming biofilm and causing catheter-related bloodstream infection. METHODS Sterile control nonmedicated connectors and antimicrobial connectors were filled with approximately 1 x 10(5) cfu/mL of Stap...

West Nile virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) is a serious infectious disease that recently spread across the North America continent. A spatial analysis tool was developed on the ArcMap 9.x platform to estimate potential West Nile virus activity using a spatially explicit degree-day model. The model identifies when the virus Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) is completed within the vector longevi...