Performance measurement is generally depicted as a neutral, technical exercise providing objective data for decision-making. But it also has a normative role in framing policy problems and solutions. This article explores the role of indicators in shaping child welfare, comparing stated policy with performance indicator regimes in England. It shows how indicators construct child welfare narrowl...

1. Sustainable Development Concept: Russian Realities 1.1 Specific Features of Women’s Position 1.2 Women’s Position as an Indicator of Crisis of Patriarchal Culture 2. Gender Grounds for the Development of World Culture 3. Specific Features of Russia 4. Expectations and Prospects 4.1 Democratization through “Feminization” 4.2 Family and Gender Policy 4.3 Russia as a Multinational State 5. Prac...

In this article, we review the evidence on the effects of poverty and low income on children's development and well-being. We argue that poverty is an important indicator of societal and child well-being, but that poverty is more than just an indicator. Poverty and low income are causally related to worse child development outcomes, particularly cognitive developmental and educational outcomes....

M any health care organizations, including government and private agencies, have em braced the goal of providing patientand family-centered care. The thrust of this model of care is to involve patients and families in their own health care decisions and treatments. The Institute of Medicine (2001) recognized the value of this model in identifying patient-centered care as one of six points for h...

background : twin pregnancies are commonly associated with low birth weight (lbw) infants. most studies focus on growth of lbw compared with normal infants in singleton. however, there has not been any study on twins to com-pare lbw with normal birth weight (nbw) infants as a match control of the same twin. methods : this cohort study was conducted at healthcare centers of kashan, in 2013. twin...

Due to rapidly aging human populations, frailty has become an essential concept, as it identifies older people who have higher risk of adverse outcomes, such as disability, institutionalization, lower quality of life, and premature death. The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) is a user-friendly questionnaire based on a multidimensional approach to frailty, assessing physical, psychologic, and soc...