Four stains for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii in respiratory specimens were compared for sensitivity, specificity, preparation time, and ease of interpretation. One hundred specimens were collected. Of these, 50 were induced sputum specimens and 50 were bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. All specimens were stained with Diff-Quik (DQ) (a modified Giemsa stain), a quick silver stain, and direc...

An objective, solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay for treponemal antibody was developed with a lysate of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) adsorbed on cellulose acetate disks. A probe containing both the antigen and control disks is inserted successively into a serum specimen dilution, a buffer rinse, fluoroscein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-human immunoglobulin G, and a second buff...

An antibody against purified chicken skeletal muscle tropomyosin is used in indirect immunofluorescence to visualize the localization of tropomyosin in a variety of nonmuscle cells. The antibody produces a fluorescent pattern which is very similar to that obtained with an actin-specific antibody. This pattern is composed of fluorescent fibers which are shown to be coincident with the fibers see...

rabies is acutely fatal encephalitis caused by a neurotropic virus. this virus belongs to the family ofrhabdoviridae and genus of lyssavirus. the virus is almost always transmitted to human through infectedmammalian saliva. rabies is inoculated to a wound by an infected animal bite. since infection is establishedin the cns, the outcome is almost always fatal. according to the outstanding role o...

background cryptosporidium spp. is a widespread protozoan parasite involving humans and animals. objectives this study was carried out to evaluate the immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and pcr results for more accurate diagnosis of faecal specimens. patients and methods forty six faecal human specimens of cryptosporidium oocysts were examined by pcr and ifa in calgary, canada. in statistical analy...

A procedure for staining mycoplasmata colonies directly on agar blocks for examination by fluorescent microscopy is described. Areas of the agar surface appropriate for staining were demarcated by use of Lucite cylinders. Direct fluorescent-antibody staining was superior to indirect staining. The technique was very useful for determining whether cultures were mixed and for identification of myc...

Using the indirect hemagglutination (IH), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease, 4000 serum samples were examined. This study was conducted with different purposes: clinical interest, research support and parasitological monitoring of those patients with Chagas disease who were treated with heart transplantation...

BACKGROUND To analyze costs associated with dementia based on a cross-sectional study in the Brazilian health system. METHODS Direct and indirect costs were estimated by conducting comprehensive interviews on the use of resources in a sample of 156 patients with dementia treated at an outpatient memory clinic of a tertiary hospital. A regression model was used to determine the main determinan...

OBJECTIVE To determine costs of pediatric gastroenteritis in out-patient and in-patient facilities. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of children with acute gastroenteritis attending out-patient clinic (n=30) or admitted in the ward (n=30) for management in the Christian Medical College, Vellore, India from July-September 2014 to estimate direct (drugs, tests, consultation/hospitalization) and i...

BACKGROUND This is the first analysis to estimate the costs of commercially insured patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the USA. Prior analyses of PD have not examined costs in patients aged under 65 years, a majority of whom are in the workforce. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to estimate direct and indirect costs associated with PD in patients under the age of 65 years who are newly diag...