Abstract: Purpose. Dynamic implants for the human spine are used to re-establish regular segmental motion. However, the results have often been unsatisfactory and complications such as screw loosening are common. Individualization of appliances and precision implantation are needed to improve the outcome of this procedure. Computer simulation, virtual implant optimization and image-guidance wer...

Dysfunction of the tibialis posterior tendon evolves through a series of stages. The pain symptoms, clinical signs, and roentgenographic changes for each of these stages are characteristic. This staging system permits clarification and individualization of dysfunction, expected pathologic changes, and surgical treatment. The importance of the tibialis posterior tendon in normal hindfoot functio...

The article provides information on the innovations in teaching using traditional education systems and modern technologies, discusses ideas for individualizing learning. content methods of individualization reading are widely analyzed. opinions scholars different contexts also covered.

Lower lid ectropion is caused by the imbalance of the lower lid protractors and retractors. Laxity of the canthal tendons will affect the degree and location of the ectropion as well as the surgical decisions for its repair. A schema for the individualization of surgical correction as well as a new application of temporalis muscle transfer is presented.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is defined as the clinical laboratory measurement of the levels of drugs in plasma, serum or blood of patients that, with appropriate medical interpretation, will directly influence drug prescribing procedures [1]. TDM is also referred to as the individualization of drug dosage by maintaining plasma or blood drug concentrations within a targeted therapeutic ran...

The examination of friction ridge impressions and the resulting conclusions are based on ridge flow and ridge paths; the location, direction, and spatial relationships of minutiae; ridge structure; or pores. The analysis phase leads to the determination of suitability. Following comparison, the evaluation phase leads to the following conclusions: individualization, exclusion, or inconclusive. T...