Two major oral diseases, dental caries and periodontitis, occur at different rates among countries (Petersen, 2003). Dental caries is most widespread in several Asian and Latin American countries but is less common in most African countries. Although developed countries have shown a marked decrease in the prevalence of dental caries in children over the past decades, dental caries is still a ma...

Multiple studies have documented significant IQ gains over time, a phenomenon labeled the Flynn effect. Data from 20 industrialized nations show massive IQ gains over time, most notably in culturally reduced tests like the Raven's Progressive Matrices. To our knowledge, however, this is the first study to document the Flynn effect in a rural area of a developing country. Data for this project w...

We analyzed prospective data on 17,228 European patients who sought treatment at GeoSentinel sites from 1997 to 2007. Gastrointestinal illness (particularly in tourists), fever (those visiting friends and relatives [VFRs]), and skin disorders (in tourists) were the most common reasons for seeking medical care. Diagnoses varied by country of origin, region visited, or categories of travelers. VF...

The practice of female genital mutilation (we will use the latest definition adopted by WHO/UNFP: female genital mutilation/cutting or FGM/C) is still widespread in 28 African countries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that more than two million females undergo some form of genital mutilation every year. Its negative health impact and its ethical and human rights aspects have been...

We use highly disaggregated data on trade in capital goods to study differences in the price of capital across countries. This strategy is motivated by the fact that most countries import the bulk of machinery equipment from a small number of industrialized countries. We find the price of imported capital goods to be negatively and significantly correlated with the income of the importing count...

If strategically managed, knowledge can be implemented to generate development. Knowledge management has been proven successful in industrialized economies. This study explores the more complex interaction between knowledge management and national culture. It uses empirical testing under the interpretivist paradigm to include a case study from the Arab world. Does knowledge management add value...

In each industrialized country, the public administration (PA) has significantly shifted its interests to reach the innovative Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), undergoing important Business Processes Reengineering (BPR) as a result of e-Government projects. The new challenge for public administrations is based on the exploitation of their knowledge resources in order to improv...

T U.S. health care system has a lot going for it – tremendous resources, a talented workforce and cutting-edge science and technology – yet by many accounts, it is a mess. In 2004, medical spending in this country reached a staggering $1.9 trillion and grew 7.9 percent over the previous year. Although this was the slowest growth rate since 2000, health care spending still rose faster than wages...

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