Ether treatment was studied as a method of increasing the ability of type B influenza antigen to detect antibody by hemagglutination inhibition. Comparisons were made with the untreated antigen, with an eluate made from the same virus, and with a standard type B antigen of an earlier virus. Results were evaluated based on the comparative ability to detect rises in antibody titer, as well as the...

Intramuscular and intracutaneous immunization with naked DNA can vaccinate animals to the encoded proteins, but the underlying mechanisms of antigen presentation are unclear. We used DNA that encodes an A/PR/8/34 influenza peptide for CD4 T cells and that elicits protective antiviral immunity. DNA-transfected, cultured muscle cells released the influenza polypeptide, which then could be present...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was preparation and evaluation of PLGA nanospheres containing the influenza virus and different adjuvants, Quillaja saponin (QS) and CpG-ODN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanospheres were prepared using the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The morphological and physicochemical properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), determination...

Abstract Due to their position in the pulmonary mucosa, CD8 +tissue resident memory T cells (T RM) act as sentinels that rapidly respond to, and mediate protection against, respiratory viruses. In mice, RMhave been shown at barrier sites by producing cytokines, chemokines, performing cell lysis. However, humans, less is known about effector functions of virus-specific lung +T RM. Using from hea...

A potentially fatal complication of influenza infection is the development of pneumonia, caused either directly by the influenza virus, or by secondary bacterial infection. Pneumonia related to the 2009 influenza A pandemic was found to be underestimated by commonly used pneumonia severity scores in many cases, and to be rapidly progressive, leading to respiratory failure. Confirmation of etiol...

Here we report the development of a novel immunosensor-based strategy for label-free detection of viral pathogens by incorporating a sandwich bioassay onto a single-mode, electro-active, integrated optical waveguide (EA-IOW). Our strategy begins with the functionalization of the electro-active waveguide surface with a capture antibody aimed at a specific virus antigen. Once the target antigen i...

The physical and serological states of ribonucleoprotein antigen, released by dissociation of influenza virus, have been characterized. While the simplest antigenic derivative has a sedimentation constant of 4s, more complex antigenic forms, 19s, 38s, and 60s have been identified and isolated. The physical dimensions of isolated g-antigen are dependent on the form of pretreatment of virus conce...

objective: influenza virus a (h1n1) is an important subtype of the influenza respiratory viruses, which has important worldwide implications. hemagglutinin (ha), an important viral antigen, is responsible for binding to human cell receptors leading to an onset of the disease process. considering the critical role of viral attachment, this study focuses on the extraction and cloning of ha and it...

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is relatively common among the elderly, and is characterized by multiple body aches with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Even though the etiology of PMR remains unknown, a number of infectious agents have been suggested to cause PMR. Also, there are reports of PMR after influenza vaccination. The exact role of influenza vaccination on the development of ...

UNLABELLED In an attempt to assess the cross-protective potential of the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) as a vaccine antigen, different subtypes of recombinant NA were expressed in a baculovirus system and used to vaccinate mice prior to lethal challenge with homologous, heterologous, or heterosubtypic viruses. Mice immunized with NA of subtype N2 were completely protected from morbidity an...