Abstract Due to the high population density of informal settlements, spread communicable diseases is highly effective in this environment. South Africa has been on World Health Organization’s list 30 top tuberculosis-burdened countries world for last two decades. The rate individuals diseased with tuberculosis however, reported be double that country. In order succeed reducing number cases, pol...

We estimate the impacts of two interventions implemented as field experiments in informal settlements by Nairobi’s water and sanitation utility to improve revenue collection efficiency last mile connection loan repayment: (i) face-to-face engagement between staff customers encourage payment (ii) contract enforcement for service disconnection due nonpayment form transparent credible notices. Whi...

For the large population living in Nairobi’s informal settlements, long-term effects of Covid-19 pose a threat to livelihoods, health, and wellbeing. those working sector, who are lifeblood city, livelihoods have been severely supressed by restrictions such as curfews, pushing many into further poverty. This article draws on community data, meetings, authors’ observations organisers, explore ch...