Counterfactual quantum communication is unique in its own way that allows remote parties to transfer information without sending any message carrier the channel. Although no travels channel at time of successful transmission, it impossible transmit faster than speed light, thus an carrier. In this paper, we address important question What carries counterfactual communication? and optimize resou...

We introduce a theoretical model of information acquisition under resource limitations in noisy environment. An agent must guess the truth value given Boolean formula \( \varphi \) after performing bounded number tests values variables formula. observe that, general, problem finding an optimal testing strategy for is hard, but we suggest useful heuristic. The techniques use also give insight in...