We explored how learning during an initial study-test experience with text materials shapes future encoding, recall, and metamemory. Differential recall of targets from generate and read sentences on a fill-in-the-blank test led participants to shift their encoding strategies such that differential recall was eliminated on a second study-test block using different materials. This shift was not ...

The current study investigated the role of the inter-screen luminance contrast (ISLC) of trial blank screens between target and mask screens in visually masking scenes. Participants performed a scene gist recognition task in which we varied mask strength, blank screen luminance, and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). Results showed that the more luminant white, and less luminant black, blank scre...

As a result of a study of the classic ninhydrin reaction with amino acids (which results in the productionof Ruhemann’spurple), and the fluorescencereaction occurring between ninhydrin and phenylalanine in the presence of a dipeptide, the initial incubation period in the fluorescence reaction was shortened from 2 hr. to 16 mm. This improvement in the fluorometric method for the determination of...

Although Genetic algorithm (GA), Ant colony (AC) and Particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) have already been extended to various types of engineering problems, the effects of initial sampling beside constraints in the efficiency of algorithms, is still an interesting field. In this paper we show that, initial sampling with a special series of constraints play an important role in the conv...