Rapid release of H,O, may constitute an initial defense response mounted by a plant. lnauguration of this oxidative burst is known to occur upon stimulation with chemical elicitors, but the possibility of mechanical elicitation arising from pathogen penetration/weakening of the cell wall has never been examined. To introduce an adjustable mechanical stress on the plasma membrane, cultured soybe...

We estimate the fraction of the total energy in a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) that is radiated in photons during the main burst. Random internal collisions among different shells limit the efficiency for converting bulk kinetic energy to photons. About 6% of the energy of explosion is converted to radiation for long duration bursts (lasting 10s or more); the efficiency is significantly smaller for sh...

This paper presents jaw movement data for the coronal consonants of Central Arrernte. It compares jaw movement for stops with jaw movement for nasals and laterals, across dental, alveolar, retroflex and alveo-palatal places of articulation. Results suggest that when there is a clear spectral peak for the release burst, as is the case primarily for the palatal, but also for the alveolar and retr...

Synaptic transmission at the sensory neuron-motor neuron synapses of Aplysia, like transmission at many synapses of both vertebrates and invertebrates, is increased after a short burst of high-frequency stimulation (HFS), a phenomenon known as posttetanic potentiation (PTP). PTP is generally attributable to an increase in transmitter release from presynaptic neurons. We investigated whether cha...

  Objective: In dental treatments, use of carriers for targeted antibiotic delivery would be optimal to efficiently decrease microbial count. In this study, gentamicin was loaded into polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres and its release pattern was evaluated for 20 days.   Methods: In this experimental study, PLGA microspheres loaded with gentamycin were produced by the W/O/W method....

OBJECTIVES Microencapsulation of drugs into preformed polymers is commonly achieved through solvent evaporation techniques or spray drying. We compared these encapsulation methods in terms of controlled drug release properties of prepared microparticles and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for the 'burst release' effect. METHODS Using two different pH-responsive polymers wit...

although cellular immunity involving activated macrophage is important in resistance to brucella infections, serum factors and polymorphonuclears (pmns) play some role in the initial responses to brucella infections. in this research, we studied respiratory burst of pmns against opsonized yeast and opsonized inactivated brucella melitensis in chronic brucellosis patients and controls with no pr...

Bursts are produced by closing the oral tract at a place of articulation and suddenly releasing the acoustic energy built-up behind the closure in the tract. The release of energy is an impulselike behavior, and it is followed by a short duration of frication. The burst release is short and mostly weak in nature (compared to sonorant sounds), thus making it difficult to detect its presence in c...

Achieving the combination of delayed and immediate release of a vaccine from a delivery device without applying external triggers remains elusive in implementing single administration vaccination strategies. Here a means of vaccine delivery is presented, which exploits osmosis to trigger delayed burst release of an active compound. Poly(ε-caprolactone) capsules of 2 mm diameter were prepared by...

Polymeric delivery systems based on nanoparticles have emerged as a promising approach for peroral insulin delivery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the release of insulin nanoparticulate systems and ex vivo studies. The nanoparticles were prepared by the ion gelation method. Particle size distribution, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of the nanoparticles were determine...