in the present study, the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, glomus mosseae andglomus intraradices, alone and in combination, on the growth parameters, chlorophyll and the root-rot disease of pea (pisum sativum) caused by fusarium solani f.sp. pisi were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. eight different treatments in four replications were designed in randomized blocks. compared w...

Background: Pyelonephritis can lead to renal scar. Objective: To evaluate the effects of betamethasone in preventing renal scarring in rat model of pyelonephritis. Methods: Sixty three female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. Group A was the control. Mannose-sensitive E coli was directly inoculated into the left kidney exposed under general anesthesia in groups C–G. Group B re...

Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may improve plant performance at disturbed sites, but inoculation may also suppress root colonization by native AMF and decrease the diversity of the root-colonizing AMF community. This has been shown for the roots of directly inoculated plants, but little is known about the stability of inoculation effects, and to which degree the inoculant a...

The phenology of tick emergence has important implications for the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. A long lag between the emergence of tick nymphs in spring and larvae in summer should increase transmission of persistent pathogens by allowing infected nymphs to inoculate the population of naive hosts that can subsequently transmit the pathogen to larvae to complete the transmission cycle....

During a study of the effect of soil temperature on the development of a tobacco mosaic, frenching was observed on the plants at the higher soil temperatures. Since this is apparently the first time, JONES (3), that soil temperature has been recognized as a factor in inducing frenching of tobacco, Nicotiana Tabacum L., it seemed important that the technique be developed as a possible means of d...

In the simplest version of this activity, students inoculate a yeast suspension into glucose solutions of several concentrations. The glucose disappears, and the amount of CO2 produced is directly proportional to the initial amount of sugar in solution. This suggests a simple model of yeast fermentation. To challenge this model, students can perform parallel experiments in which the glucose con...

Cocoa pulp fermentation is a spontaneous process during which the natural microbiota present at cocoa farms is allowed to ferment the pulp surrounding cocoa beans. Because such spontaneous fermentations are inconsistent and contribute to product variability, there is growing interest in a microbial starter culture that could be used to inoculate cocoa pulp fermentations. Previous studies have r...

From the many existing documents on the history of rabies in animals, it is possible to describe with precision the practical measures adopted for the surveillance and control of rabies in animals from antiquity until the 18th century. Surveillance is based on clinical diagnosis, post-mortem examination, animal inoculation and knowledge of the conditions under which infection occurred: aetiolog...

the subcutaneous inoculation of 16 white mice and 10 golden hamsters with l.tropica major resulted in the development of leishmanial lesions in all, becoming generalized in some.two of 10 hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with this parasite developed generalized lesions. on the other hand, the inoculation of l. tropica minor to 128 mice subcutaneously and 170 mice intraperitoneally did not ...

herein, we described the first case of self-inoculation in a veterinarian with bovine johne’s disease(bjd) attenuated vaccine in iran that required medical attention. a needle-stick injury to the right thumb of ayoung veterinarian during vaccination of cattle with bjd vaccine resulted in an inflammation that not onlyfailed to resolve but also progressed to a lesion 2.5 cm in diameter. the usual...