The classical Gibbs paradox concerns the entropy change upon mixing two gases. Whether an observer assigns increase to process depends on their ability distinguish A resolution is that "ignorant" observer, who cannot gases, has no way of extracting work by them. Moving thought experiment into quantum realm, we reveal new and surprising behaviour: ignorant can extract from different even if gase...

An anonymous ring network is a ring where all processors (vertices) are totally indistinguishable except for their input value. Initially, to each vertex of the ring is associated a value from a totally ordered set; thus, forming a multiset. In this paper we consider the problem of sorting such a distributed multiset and we investigate its relationship with the election problem. We focus on the...

We propose a novel small-domain pseudo-random permutation, also referred to as a small-domain cipher or smalldomain (deterministic) encryption. We prove that our construction achieves “strong security”, i.e., is indistinguishable from a random permutation even when an adversary has observed all possible input-output pairs. More importantly, our construction is 1,000 to 8,000 times faster in mos...

In this paper, a setup-driving verifiably committed signature based on the strong RSA assumption within the standard complexity model is presented. The idea behind our construction is that given any valid partial signature of a message m, if an arbitrator with its auxiliary input is able to generate variables called the resolution of messagem such that the distribution of the resulting variable...

In this paper, we provide the first committed signature provably secure in the standard complexity model based on the strong RSA assumption. The idea behind the construction is that given any valid partial signature of message m, if a co-signer with its auxiliary input is able to generate variables called the resolution of message m such that the distribution of the variables is indistinguishab...

A lossless beamsplitter has certain (complex-valued) probability amplitudes for sending an incoming photon into one of two possible directions. We use elementary laws classical and quantum optics to obtain general relations among the magnitudes phases these amplitudes. Proceeding examine a pair (nearly) single-mode wavepackets in number-states [Formula: see text] that simultaneously arrive at s...

Indeterminate cell histiocytosis is a very rare proliferative disorderof histiocytes which displays both langerhans cell histiocytosisand non langerhans cell histiocytosis immunophenotypic features.The majority of the patients develop multiple lesions which areclinically indistinguishable from generalized eruptive histiocytosis.We report a 14-year-old girl with multiple papules on the face,scal...