The coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella, is a common pest of coffee plantations in Brazil. Though it is effective, chemical control substantially increases the cost of production and constitutes a significant risk for the environment. Resistant coffee cultivars have been and continue being developed through classic and molecular selection techniques. Basic knowledge about the biology of thi...

Hypothesis: Genetic variation in plant defence structures a community of herbivores and ultimately mediates co-evolution. Organisms: Common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) and five natural insect herbivores (seed bug, leaf mining fly, monarch caterpillar and two beetles). Methods: Quantitative genetic field experiment over 2 years, genetic selection analyses, and measurement of five defensive trai...

Plant responses to enemies are coordinated by several interacting signaling systems. Molecular and genetic studies with mutants and exogenous signal application suggest that jasmonate (JA)-, salicylate (SA)-, and ethylene (ET)-mediated pathways modulate expression of portions of the defense phenotype in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but have not yet linked these observations directly with...

At the liquid-air interface, if there exist any moving disturbances, like a water-walking insect or just a simple pressure source, it will generate capillary-gravity waves [1-4]. The restoring force in this picture is a combination of the gravity and surface tension. And since the disturbance expends a power to generate these waves, it will experience a drag, known as the wave resistance [5]. S...

BACKGROUND Chemicals are used on bed nets in order to prevent infected bites and to kill aggressive malaria vectors. Because pyrethroid resistance has become widespread in the main malaria vectors, research for alternative active ingredients becomes urgent. Mixing a repellent and a non-pyrethroid insecticide seemed to be a promising tool as mixtures in the laboratory showed the same features as...

In this review, we evaluate the intentional mixing or blending of insecticidal seed with refuge seed for managing resistance by insects to insecticidal corn (Zea mays). We first describe the pest biology and farming practices that will contribute to weighing trade-offs between using block refuges and blended refuges. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how the trade-offs will differ in di...

The yardlong bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc.] is an important vegetable crop, but it prone to pest infestation. Therefore, breeding insect-resistant varieties essential reduce pesticide applications and increase quality yield. In the present study, 64 were screened for their resistance common cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius). greenhouse, leaves, pods, seeds of bean...

BACKGROUND Insect midgut microbiota is important in host nutrition, development and immune response. Recent studies indicate possible links between insect gut microbiota and resistance to biological and chemical toxins. Studies of this phenomenon and symbionts in general have been hampered by difficulties in culture-based approach. In the present study, DNA sequencing was used to examine the mi...

By 2014, huanglongbing (HLB), the most destructive disease of citrus, and its insect vector, the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri (Kuwayama), became established in all major citrus-growing regions of the world, including the United States, with the exception of California. At present, application of insecticides is the most widely followed option for reducing ACP populations, while ...

Anticarsia gemmatalis caterpillar is controlled with synthetic insecticides, which cause environmental pollution and insect resistance, new compounds low impact, need to be investigated. Toxicity, survival, locomotion, feeding, midgut histopathology of A. caterpillars exposed lemongrass essential oil (LEO) its components (citral geranyl acetate) were The are toxic survival decreasing according ...