Resistance to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is widespread in Japan. Consequently, tertiary amines such as cartap and thiocyclam, microbial insecticides (formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner) and chitin synthesis inhibitors have been widely used for control. A high level of resistance to these alternative inse...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The evolution of insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors is emerging as a serious challenge for the control of malaria. Modelling the spread of insecticide-resistance is an essential tool to understand the evolutionary pressures and dynamics caused by the application of insecticides. METHODOLOGY We developed a population-genetic model of the spread of insecticide-r...

Plutella xylostella L. is a most serious of insect pest for cruciferous or Brassica crops throughout the world. The common name of this insect pest is the Diamondback Moth (DBM). Plutella xylostella L. is an oligophagous insect which is feed on the group of botanically plants within the single plant family. This insect has become major serious problem to the crops because it easily and rapidly ...

BACKGROUND Insecticides and fungicides are commonly co-applied in a tank mix to protect onions from onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, and foliar pathogens. Co-applications reduce production costs, but past research shows that an insecticide's performance can be reduced when co-applied with a fungicide. An evaluation was made of the effects of co-applying spinetoram, abamectin and spirotetra...

malathion (s-(1, 2-dicarboethoxyethyl) o, o-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) is one of the organophosphate pesticides comprehensively used in agriculture fields throughout the world. in spite of widely used, little information are available about dna damage in aquatic organisms. therefore, the present study carried out to investigation of dna damage induced by malathion in cyprinus carpio (pisces: ...

the beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) is an important pest of many agricultural crops all over the world. most of the sugar beet growing regions in iran are infested. in this study, the acute lethal effects of pyriproxyfen, spinosad, and indoxacarb as well as sublethal effects of pyriproxyfen on the 1st instar s. exigua were assessed by leaf dip bioassay method. mortality was recorded 48...

the search for alternative ways of controlling sericultural pests has led to the investigation of plant sources for naturally occurring compounds which may have insect growth regulatory, feeding deterrency, repellency and confusantcy characteristics. more than 2000 species of the families asteraceae, fabaceae and euphorbiaceae are known that possess some insecticidal activity. plants with insec...

background: gastric lavage (gl) is one of the most commonly used decontamination method for cholinergic insecticide ingestion in developing countries despite lack of supporting evidence. this study was designed to evaluate the outcome of patients with cholinergic insecticide poisoning treated with gl in regards to timing and frequency of the procedure. methods: in this prospective observational...

The development of insecticides requires valid risk assessment procedures to avoid causing harm to beneficial insects and especially to pollinators such as the honeybee Apis mellifera. In addition to testing according to current guidelines designed to detect bee mortality, tests are needed to determine possible sublethal effects interfering with the animal's vitality and behavioral performance....

BACKGROUND Some epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest that insecticides are related to increased breast cancer risk, but the evidence is inconsistent. Women engaged in agricultural work or who reside in agricultural areas may experience appreciable exposures to a wide range of insecticides. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between insecticide use and breast cancer incidence among wiv...