this paper tries to explore and asses the political party activities in iran after the islamic revolution. it believes that that formation of political parties was a result of political modernization in iran after the revolution. the authors further examine this modernization based on huntington's theory about modernization including stages of faction creation (factionalism), polarization,...

INSTITUTIONALIZING SOCIAL MOVEMENTS: THE SPREAD OF U.S. RECYCLING ADVOCACY GROUPS Michael Lounsbury Cornell University School of Industrial & Labor Relations and Department of Sociology In this paper, I study how social movements become institutionalized through an examination of the diffusion of U.S. recycling advocacy groups. While the literature on social movements has interpreted social mov...

I propose a conceptual model of field level change that links the processes of inter-organizational learning and de-institutionalization. I offer a series of research propositions that address how a firm and its adversarial stakeholder groups might cooperatively engage over an issue of mutual interest and ultimately create new knowledge together and how this new knowledge might then encourage a...