Rapid-acting insulin analogs were introduced to the market in the 1990s, and these products have improved treatment of diabetes by shortening the optimum delay time between injections and meals. Compared with regular human insulin, rapid-acting insulin formulations also reduce postprandial glycemic excursions while decreasing risk of hypoglycemia. However, the current prandial products are not ...

OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that overnight fasted women have higher insulin-stimulated whole body and leg glucose uptake despite a higher intramyocellular triacylglycerol concentration than men. Women also express higher muscle mRNA levels of proteins related to lipid metabolism than men. We therefore hypothesized that women would be less prone to lipid-induced insulin resistance. RESE...

We aimed to test the feasibility of quantifying insulin action on cellular K(+) uptake in vivo in the conscious rat by measuring the exogenous K(+) infusion rate needed to maintain constant plasma K(+) concentration ([K(+)]) during insulin infusion. In this "K(+) clamp" the K(+) infusion rate required to clamp plasma [K(+)] is a measure of insulin action to increase net plasma K(+) disappearanc...

Despite the well-described association between obesity and insulin resistance, the physiologic mechanisms that link these two states are poorly understood. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of visceral adipose tissue in whole-body glucose homeostasis. Dogs made abdominally obese with a moderately elevated fat diet had catheters placed into the superior mesenteric artery so t...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the long-term effect of continuous insulin infusion for glucose control on cerebral metabolism in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. METHODS Prospective, nonrandomized study of 31 SAH patients in the ICU (52 +/- 10 years, WFNS Grade 2.9 +/- 1.6). A microdialysis catheter was inserted into the vascular territory of the aneurysm. Metabolic changes durin...

BACKGROUND A simulation model of the glucose-insulin system in normal life conditions can be very useful in diabetes research, e.g., testing insulin infusion algorithms and decision support systems and assessing glucose sensor performance and patient and student training. A new meal simulation model has been proposed that incorporates state-of-the-art quantitative knowledge on glucose metabolis...

This study aimed to test possible metabolic differences between ewes and goats in response an intravenous glucose infusion. Thirty-six animals, 18 mature Sarda dairy Saanen (from 15 150 ± 11 d milk [DIM], mean SD; body weight: 49.8 6.8 kg for ewes, 60.6 7.3 goats) were compared simultaneously. In early lactation, both species received the same high-starch diet (HS: 20.4% starch, 35.4% neutral d...

We previously showed that chronic insulin infusion induces insulin resistance, hyperendothelinemia, and hypertension in rats (C. C. Juan, V. S. Fang, C. F. Kwok, J. C. Perng, Y. C. Chou, and L. T. Ho. Metabolism 48: 465-471, 1999). Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is suggested to play an important role in maintaining vascular tone and regulating blood pressure, and insulin increas...