OBJECTIVEdImpaired insulin sensitivity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although calorie restriction and weight loss increase insulin sensitivity, the effects of modifying macronutrient composition on insulin sensitivity are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects on insulin sensitivity of a carbohydrate-rich diet (CARB; similar to the Dietary Approaches to...

The objective was to study the association between birth weight and the insulin sensitivity index. Altogether, 331 unrelated Caucasian subjects aged 18-32 years with measures of the insulin sensitivity index and insulin secretion during a combined intravenous glucose and tolbutamide tolerance test were included in the study. The data on birth weight and length were obtained from the midwife rec...

In late pregnancy, maternal insulin resistance occurs to support fetal growth, but little is known about insulin-glucose dynamics close to delivery. This study measured insulin sensitivity in mice in late pregnancy at day 16 (D16) and near term at D19. Nonpregnant (NP) and pregnant mice were assessed for metabolite and hormone concentrations, body composition by DEXA, tissue insulin signaling p...

OBJECTIVE Impaired insulin sensitivity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although calorie restriction and weight loss increase insulin sensitivity, the effects of modifying macronutrient composition on insulin sensitivity are uncertain. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects on insulin sensitivity of a carbohydrate-rich diet (CARB; similar to the Dietary Approaches to...

OBJECTIVES To examine the influence of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy on insulin sensitivity in short children born small for gestational age (SGA). STUDY DESIGN Twelve short (height standard deviation score, -3.2 +/- 0.1) non-GH-deficient children SGA (7 boys/5 girls) were studied at 9.3 +/- 1.0 years of age. The insulin sensitivity index was measured with Bergman's minimal ...

OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests an association between insulin sensitivity and albuminuria, which, even in the normal range, is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated whether insulin sensitivity is associated with albuminuria in healthy subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We investigated 1,415 healthy, nondiabetic participants (mean age 43.9 ± 8.3 years; 54.3% wome...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that short-term exercise training improves hereditary insulin resistance by stimulating ATP synthesis and investigated associations with gene polymorphisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 24 nonobese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects at rest and 48 h after three bouts of exercise. In addition to measurements o...

OBJECTIVE We have previously shown that serum insulin levels decrease threefold and blood glucose levels remain normal in mice fed a leucine-deficient diet, suggesting increased insulin sensitivity. The goal of the current study is to investigate this possibility and elucidate the underlying cellular mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Changes in metabolic parameters and expression of gen...

Insulin resistance is one of the major factors contributing to metabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. As an important cofactor, B-cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) is involved in many physiologic processes; however, the direct effect of BTG1 on insulin sensitivity has not been described. In our study, BTG1 overexpression or knockdown improved or impaired i...

OBJECTIVE Some individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) exhibit a 1-h excursion of plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance testing as high as that of individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The aim of this study was to characterize their metabolic phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,205 healthy volunteers (aged 29-61 years) underwent assessment of 1) ora...