priorities for sustainable economic development. In Re-establishing agriculture as a priority for development policy in Sub-Saharan Africa, ed. A. Recent developments in the livestock sector in China and changes in the live-stock/feed relations. A draft background paper prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organi

1 Molecular Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2 The University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 5 Department of Medicin...

World Bank Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretatio...

In the 1980s conditional lending for structural adjustment in developing countries moved the IMF beyond its role of macroeconomic crisis management. Fund-supported adjustment programmes have often been flawed by a lack of distributional analysis and by poor sequencing of reforms, notably premature financial liberalisation. As a result they have caused avoidable hardship. In addition, the attemp...

Over the 60 years of its existence, the UN has led the way in a large number of areas of economic and social development. It has made major and pioneering contributions – nationally and internationally – in the setting of development priorities, in analysing strategic issues, in developing a statistical system to quantify them and in the formulation of recommendations across a wide field of imp...

Introduction/background In recent months there has been heated debates on Zambia's economic governance especially as it relates to prudent fiscal management. Being a heavily donor dependent country with over 40% of its national budget supported by external resources, Zambia has had no choice but to abide by the Post-Washington consensus—a new economic doctrine supported by our external financie...

This paper offers a critique on the politics of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers and their framework, processes, and content. The paper challenges the fundamental assumptions of the poverty reduction approach and the underlying politics of the international financial institutions with a view to seek the answer to question as to why the development programmes initiated under the auspices of...

International organizations (IOs) often drive policy change in member countries. Given IOs' limited political leverage over a country, previous research argues that IOs rely on combination of hard pressures (i.e., conditionality) and soft socialization) to attain their goals. Expanding this literature, we hypothesize can enhance through loan conditions aimed at enhancing the independence key ad...