quantifying spatial structure is one of the most important components, describing natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. in this study, a set of indices and functions related to spatial structure using 102 established plots with an area of 1000 m2 were presented. to achieve spatial structure of carpinus-fagus type, a set of indices (clark & evans, uniform angle, shannon-wiener, mingling and...

The progressive conversion of crystalline raffinose pentahydrate to its amorphous form by dehydration at 60 degrees C, well below its melting temperature, was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction over a period of 72 h. The presence of defects within the crystal structure and any amorphous structure created was determined computationally by a total diffraction method where both coherent long-ra...

We study inter-skyrmion interactions and stable spin configurations in a 2D chiral magnet with in-plane anisotropies of tilted magnetic field the magneto-crystalline anisotropy on (011) thin film. find that both cases small deformation skyrmion shape makes interaction anisotropic, skyrmions are weakly bounded along certain direction due to an emergent attractive interaction. Furthermore, when i...

2 Condensed matter and structure 4 2.1 Structure of liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Structure of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Structure of solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Crystalline solids . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Barium titanate is a member of a large family of compounds with the general formula ABO3 called perovskites, as the crystal size of barium titanate increases and at critical crystalline size crystal structure of barium titanate transformed from cubic to tetragonal. Transformation of crystal structure is also take place at Curi temperature. Cubic structure show paramagenatic behavior while tetra...

We have used high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the dynamics of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) molecules at the free interface of the crystalline phase that occurs naturally in purple membrane. Our results reveal temporal fluctuations at the crystal edges arising from the association and dissociation of bR molecules, most predominantly pre-formed trimers. Analysis of the dissociation kinetics ...

In this work the procedure to the synthesis of Ba2GdSbO6 complex perovskite by the solid-state reaction method is reported. Theoretically a study of the crystalline and electronic structure was performed into the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The most stable structure is obtained to be a rhombohedral perovskite with a lattice constant a=6,0840 Å.  Due the occurren...

Nanoparticles of coordination polymer [Co2(pydc)2(H2O)6]n.2n H2O [H2pydc = pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid] have been synthesized by sonochemical method and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, DLS particle size analysis and TGA/DTA. The structure of single crystalline coordination polymer developed from nanosized coo...