Long welded rails (LWR) are preferred in metro rail systems because they provide a smooth ride. They extremely sturdy, require less maintenance and safe to travel at higher speeds. Rail structure interaction (RSI), especially additional longitudinal stresses rail, is the major concern LWR. UIC standards limitations of stresses. This paper studies characteristics forces long used one Metro Railw...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of molecules involved in signal transduction across cell membranes and are major drug targets. Since GPCRs are integral membrane proteins, their structure and function are modulated by membrane lipids. In particular, membrane cholesterol is an important lipid in the context of GPCR function. Solubilization of integral membrane proteins i...

A first-principles molecular dynamics (MD) scheme is presented on the basis of the density-functional (DF) theory with use of the the quantal hyper-netted chain (QHNC) approximation. The DF theory brings about exact expressions for the ion-electron and ion-ion radial distribution functions (RDF’s) of an electron-ion mixture as a model of a simple liquid metal. These exact expressions prove that...

The effective string action of the color-electric flux tube in the U(1)×U(1) dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory is studied by performing a path-integral analysis by taking into account the finite thickness of the flux tube. The DGL theory, corresponding to the low-energy effective theory of Abelian-projected SU(3) gluodynamics, can be expressed as a [U(1)]3 dual Abelian Higgs (DAH) model with a ...

We consider fermion (or determinantal) random point fields on Euclidean space R. Given a bounded, translation invariant, and positive definite integral operator J on L(R), we introduce a determinantal interaction for a system of particles moving on R as follows: the n points located at x1, · · · , xn ∈ R have the potential energy given by U (x1, · · · , xn) := − log det(j(xi − xj))1≤i,j≤n, wher...

Perturbation theory in the nonperturbative QCD vacuum and the non-Abelian Stokes theorem, representing a Wilson loop in the SU(2) gluodynamics as an integral over all the orientations in colour space, are applied to derivation of the correction to the string effective action, obtained in Ref. 1. This correction is due to accounting in the lowest order of perturbation theory for the interaction ...