An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-021-05256-9

In this paper, a novel guidance law based on reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is presented to deal with the maneuvering target interception problem using deep deterministic policy gradient descent neural network. We take missile’s line-of-sight (LOS) rate as observation of RL and propose reward function, which constructed miss distance LOS train network off-line. process, trained has capac...

BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy results in improved ejection fraction in patients with heart failure. We sought to determine whether these effects were mediated by changes in contractility, afterload, or volumes. METHODS AND RESULTS In 610 patients with New York Heart Association class I/II heart failure from the Resynchronization Reverses Remodeling in Systolic Left Ventricular ...

An adaptive procedure is described for the line intercept sampling. Modified Hansen-Hurwitz and Horvitz-Thompson estimators are used to find estiamtors for the population mean, population density and coverage. An example is given to justify the method and to compare it with ordinary line intercept sampling.

The linear time-varying elastance theory is frequently used to describe the change in ventricular stiffness during the cardiac cycle. The concept assumes that all isochrones (i.e., curves that connect pressure-volume data occurring at the same time) are linear and have a common volume intercept. Of specific interest is the steepest isochrone, the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR...

Much diversity in animal morphology results from variation in the relative size of morphological traits. The scaling relationships, or allometries, that describe relative trait size can vary greatly in both intercept and slope among species or other animal groups. Yet within such groups, individuals typically exhibit low variation in relative trait size. This pattern of high intra- and low inte...